What percentage of children encounter mental illnesses at least once in any stage?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the prevalence of mental health issues among children is crucial for providing holistic care. The correct answer is C) 30%. This percentage reflects the significant impact of mental illnesses on children at some point in their lives. Option A) 10% is too low and underestimates the prevalence of mental health issues among children. Children are vulnerable to a wide range of mental health challenges, making this percentage unrealistic. Option B) 20% is also lower than the actual prevalence rate. Research and clinical data consistently show that a larger proportion of children experience mental health concerns, emphasizing the need for early identification and intervention. Option D) 40% is too high and exaggerates the prevalence of mental illnesses among children. While mental health issues are common, 40% would indicate a crisis-level situation that is not supported by current epidemiological data. Educationally, grasping the true prevalence of mental health issues in pediatric patients informs nursing practice, assessment, and intervention strategies. By recognizing the likelihood of encountering such challenges in clinical settings, nurses can advocate for appropriate resources, support systems, and evidence-based interventions to promote the mental well-being of children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. The correct answer, option A, "Hypomanic episode," is not a diagnostic criterion for major depressive episodes. This is because hypomanic episodes are actually associated with bipolar disorder, not major depressive disorder. Option B, "Depressed mood," and option C, "Loss of interest or pleasure," are both key diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes according to the DSM-5. These symptoms are typically present nearly every day for at least two weeks in individuals experiencing a major depressive episode. Option D, "Significant weight loss," can be a symptom of major depressive episodes, but it is not a diagnostic criterion on its own. Other symptoms such as changes in appetite or weight are considered as part of the broader criteria for diagnosing major depressive disorder. Educationally, understanding these diagnostic criteria helps pediatric nurses accurately identify and support children and adolescents experiencing mental health challenges. By differentiating between symptoms of major depressive episodes and other mood disorders, nurses can provide appropriate care, referrals, and interventions to promote the well-being of young patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, managing aggression and self-injurious behavior in children with autism is crucial. The best medication for this purpose in a 6-year-old boy with autism is Risperidone (Option B). Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that has been approved by the FDA for treating irritability associated with autism in children aged 5-16 years. Risperidone is effective in reducing aggression, repetitive behaviors, and self-injury in children with autism. It helps regulate dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, which can contribute to improved behavior and emotional control. Methylphenidate (Option A) is a stimulant commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), not aggression in autism. Escitalopram (Option C) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for depression and anxiety, not aggression in autism. Atomoxetine (Option D) is a non-stimulant used for ADHD, not aggression in autism. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological management of behavioral issues in children with autism is essential for pediatric nurses. It is crucial to be aware of the appropriate medications, their mechanisms of action, potential side effects, and age-specific considerations when caring for pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder. This knowledge ensures safe and effective care delivery to improve the quality of life for these children and their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a 2-year-old girl with thumb-sucking behavior, the BEST response is to choose option B) leave the behavior as complications usually start after 5 years. This response is appropriate because thumb-sucking is considered a normal behavior in young children, typically resolving on its own by the time they reach school age. By reassuring the mother that complications are less likely before the age of 5, unnecessary stress and intervention can be avoided. Option A) reassurance to the mother is a good approach to alleviate her concerns, but it is not as specific or accurate as option B, which provides a more targeted timeframe for resolution. Option C) suggesting to ignore thumb-sucking and encourage a substituted behavior may not be effective at this age as the child may not be developmentally ready to substitute the habit. Option D) using bitter ointments is not recommended for young children as it can be harmful and may not address the root cause of the behavior. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to have a good understanding of normal childhood behaviors and developmental milestones to provide appropriate guidance and support to parents. By choosing the best response based on evidence-based guidelines, healthcare providers can help parents navigate common concerns and promote healthy development in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding truancy is crucial as it can be a red flag for various underlying issues. Option A, stating that truancy is normal behavior in young children, is incorrect. Truancy is not considered normal and should be addressed promptly. Option B, suggesting that truancy represents disorganization within the home, is a common consequence of truancy but does not encompass all possible causes. Truancy can result from various factors, including family dynamics, school-related issues, or mental health concerns. Option C implies that truancy may reflect underlying child abuse, which is a valid concern. Truancy can be a sign of neglect or abuse, making it essential for healthcare providers to assess further if this is suspected. Option D, linking depression to truancy, is relevant. Mental health issues like depression can contribute to truancy in children and should be considered during assessments. Educationally, it is vital for pediatric nurses to recognize the significance of truancy as a potential indicator of deeper problems. By understanding the various factors associated with truancy, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to children and families facing these challenges.