What percentage of adolescent females suffer from an eating disorder in the United States?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent females is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer, B) 10%, is supported by epidemiological data indicating that approximately 10% of adolescent females in the United States experience some form of eating disorder during their teenage years. This statistic underscores the importance of early detection and intervention by healthcare professionals. Option A) 5% is too low and underestimates the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent females. Option C) 15% and Option D) 20% are both higher than the actual prevalence rate based on current research data. Educationally, knowing the prevalence rates of eating disorders can help nurses in screening, assessment, and referral processes. It highlights the need for health promotion strategies that focus on body image, self-esteem, and healthy relationships with food among adolescents. Understanding these statistics equips nurses with the knowledge to advocate for preventive interventions and provide appropriate support to young individuals at risk for or experiencing eating disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "The lack of breast buds," requires further investigation. This finding is concerning because breast buds typically begin to develop in girls around the age of 10-11, indicating the onset of puberty. The absence of breast buds in a 14-year-old female suggests a delay in pubertal development, which may be indicative of an underlying health issue that requires assessment and intervention by a healthcare provider. Option A, "A height spurt since her last visit," is a normal physiological change during adolescence as growth spurts commonly occur during this period. It is not a cause for concern but rather a typical developmental milestone. Option B, "Facial acne," is also a common occurrence during adolescence due to hormonal changes. While acne may be distressing for the individual, it is not generally an indicator of a significant health problem and can be managed through appropriate skincare routines and, in some cases, medical treatment. Option D, "Noticeable sweating and body odor with activity," is another expected change during puberty due to increased activity of sweat glands and hormonal changes. While body odor can be bothersome, especially during adolescence, it is a normal part of development and can be managed through good hygiene practices. Educationally, understanding the normal developmental milestones during adolescence is crucial for healthcare providers working with this age group. Recognizing deviations from the expected patterns can help identify potential health concerns early and provide appropriate interventions or referrals for further evaluation. Regular physical exams and assessments are essential in monitoring adolescents' growth and development to ensure optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In Erikson's psychosocial theory, the intimacy vs isolation stage typically occurs in early adulthood, around ages 20 to 40. This stage is marked by the struggle to form close, intimate relationships with others while maintaining a sense of independence. Option D, the 26-year-old woman in a long-term relationship, best represents transitioning to the intimacy vs isolation stage as being in a committed, long-term relationship demonstrates the ability to form deep emotional connections and intimacy with another person, which is a key aspect of this stage. Option A, the 21-year-old man with numerous short-term intimate relationships, does not exhibit the depth of intimacy and commitment characteristic of Erikson's intimacy vs isolation stage. This behavior suggests a struggle with forming lasting, meaningful relationships. Option B, the 25-year-old woman focused on peer perception, may indicate a preoccupation with external validation and fitting in rather than developing intimate relationships, which is more characteristic of the identity vs role confusion stage that precedes intimacy vs isolation. Option C, the 30-year-old man looking for his first full-time job, is not directly related to the intimacy vs isolation stage of development. This scenario pertains more to the stage of establishing oneself in the workforce and achieving financial independence. Understanding Erikson's stages of development is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, as it helps them assess and support individuals at different life stages. Recognizing where a person is in their developmental journey can inform nursing interventions aimed at promoting holistic health and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this context, the correct answer is B) Binge drinking and driving. It is a leading cause of death in young adults due to the dangerous combination of impaired judgment, reduced coordination, and delayed reaction time associated with alcohol consumption. Driving under the influence significantly increases the risk of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Option A) Tobacco use is a major cause of mortality, but it is more commonly associated with chronic conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases rather than being a leading cause of death in young adults. Option C) Illegal drug use can indeed be harmful and lead to fatalities, but it is not as prevalent or directly linked to deaths in young adults compared to binge drinking and driving. Option D) HIV infection, while a serious health concern, is not one of the leading causes of death in young adults, especially in regions where preventive measures and treatment are widely available. Educationally, understanding the risks associated with alcohol consumption and driving is crucial for young adults to make informed decisions about their behaviors, prioritize safety, and promote responsible choices to prevent avoidable tragedies. Pharmacology education plays a vital role in highlighting the effects of substances on the body, emphasizing the importance of responsible drug use, and promoting health promotion strategies to enhance overall well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, option C, "Asking for a list of topics," is the most appropriate choice for a person at greatest risk for injury prevention in a work environment. This option indicates a proactive approach to safety in the workplace by seeking relevant information to address potential risks. By asking for a list of topics related to injury prevention, the individual demonstrates a willingness to learn about specific occupational hazards and take necessary precautions to prevent injuries. Option A, "Using a pre-set list of topics," may not be as effective because it implies a passive approach where the topics are already predetermined and may not address the specific needs of the work environment. Relying on printed materials (option B) could also be insufficient as it may not be tailored to the individual's workplace conditions and may lack interactivity or real-time updates. Option D, "Beginning each session with a 2-mile walk," is unrelated to injury prevention in a work environment and does not address the specific needs of occupational safety. It is essential in health promotion to focus on relevant information and strategies that directly impact the individual's well-being in their work setting. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of proactive behavior and knowledge-seeking in ensuring workplace safety. It emphasizes the need for individuals to be informed about potential risks and take appropriate measures to prevent injuries, reflecting the core principles of health promotion and injury prevention in occupational settings.