What percent of clients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) will experience hypotension during a tilt table test,which can eventually be diagnostic for these clients?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the immune system, understanding the diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer, B) 96%, is based on clinical research that indicates a high percentage of patients with CFS will experience hypotension during a tilt table test. This phenomenon is significant because it can help in diagnosing CFS, as orthostatic hypotension is a common feature in these patients. Option A) 60% is incorrect because it underestimates the prevalence of hypotension in CFS patients during a tilt table test. Option C) 80% is also incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the high frequency of hypotension observed in these individuals. Option D) 20% is incorrect as it suggests a much lower occurrence of hypotension in CFS patients, which does not align with clinical findings. Educationally, this question serves to highlight the importance of recognizing the physiological responses in CFS patients, particularly during diagnostic procedures like tilt table tests. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to be well-versed in the unique characteristics of CFS to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of these patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) The patient has stools that are very dark in color. Dark stools indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, a serious side effect of NSAIDs like naproxen. This is a critical symptom that requires immediate attention and may necessitate a change in therapy to prevent further complications. Option A is incorrect as morning stiffness is a common feature of RA and not necessarily an indicator for changing therapy. Option B about dry eyes is more likely related to Sjogren's syndrome, which can coexist with RA but is not a strong indicator for changing therapy in this case. Option C refers to rheumatoid nodules, a common manifestation of RA but not a direct indicator for changing therapy. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize and monitor for adverse effects of medications used in RA treatment, especially NSAIDs like naproxen. Understanding the significance of symptoms like dark stools can help prevent serious complications and optimize patient care. Regular monitoring and patient education on potential side effects are essential in managing RA pharmacotherapy effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A 5-mm induration on a TB skin test is considered positive in healthcare workers indicating possible exposure to tuberculosis. This requires further evaluation and possibly treatment before the nursing assistant can safely care for patients. The other information while important does not pose an immediate risk to patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Small joints of hands and feet. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet. The synovial lining of these joints becomes inflamed, leading to pain, swelling, and eventually joint deformity. This characteristic pattern of joint involvement distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other types of arthritis. Option A) Symmetrical involvement of major joints is incorrect because while rheumatoid arthritis can involve major joints, it typically presents with a symmetrical pattern affecting the small joints first. Option C) Involvement of the spine from the sacrum upward to the cervical region is more characteristic of ankylosing spondylitis, a different type of inflammatory arthritis. Option D) Slightly movable joints of the axial skeleton is a vague description and not specific to the pattern of joint involvement seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding the pattern of joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing this condition effectively. By knowing which joints are commonly affected, healthcare providers can tailor treatment plans to address the specific needs of the patient and improve their quality of life. This knowledge also helps in differentiating rheumatoid arthritis from other types of arthritis, guiding appropriate referrals and interventions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and understanding the role of nutrients in wound healing, it is crucial to recognize the specific functions of different nutrients in the body. In this case, the correct answer is option C) Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for wound healing as it plays a key role in collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, which are crucial for capillary synthesis and wound repair. Collagen is a structural protein that provides strength and support to tissues, including in the formation of new capillaries during wound healing. Options A) Fats and B) Proteins are important for overall health and play various roles in the body, but they do not directly aid in collagen production by fibroblasts in wound healing. Vitamin A (option D) is important for maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes, but it is not specifically known for its role in collagen synthesis in wound healing. Understanding the specific functions of nutrients in wound healing not only enriches our knowledge of pharmacology but also highlights the importance of a balanced diet in supporting the body's natural healing processes. This knowledge is vital for healthcare professionals involved in patient care, as they can provide dietary recommendations to support optimal wound healing outcomes.