What outcome would you least expect if the amount of template in a PCR fell significantly below the optimal amount?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: increased yield. If the amount of template in a PCR falls significantly below the optimal amount, it would be expected to result in a decreased yield rather than an increased yield. The template is essential for DNA amplification in PCR, and a lower amount would lead to fewer copies being produced. Non-specific amplification (choice A) can occur if there is too much template or incorrect primer annealing. Allelic drop-out (choice C) is likely to happen if there is insufficient template present to amplify all alleles. Longer targets amplifying poorly or failing (choice D) is also a common outcome when template concentration is low. Therefore, the least expected outcome would be an increased yield as that goes against the principle of PCR amplification.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the use of antihistamines in older men with prostatic hypertrophy, the correct answer is B) Because these clients may experience difficulty voiding. This is because antihistamines have anticholinergic effects, which can lead to urinary retention by causing smooth muscle contraction in the bladder neck. This effect is particularly concerning in older men with prostatic hypertrophy, as they already have compromised urinary function due to the enlarged prostate. Option A) Because these clients may experience increased drowsiness is incorrect because while drowsiness is a common side effect of antihistamines, it is not the primary reason for caution in older men with prostatic hypertrophy. Option C) Because these clients face a greater risk of cardiac arrest is incorrect as antihistamines are not typically associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest in this population. Option D) Because these clients have a lower autoimmune response is incorrect as antihistamines primarily affect the histamine receptors and do not directly impact the autoimmune response. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering the specific physiological characteristics of individual patients when prescribing medications. Understanding the potential side effects and interactions of drugs in specific patient populations is crucial in ensuring safe and effective pharmacological treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Viatical settlement. A viatical settlement involves a terminally ill individual selling their life insurance policy to a third party for a lump sum payment, typically less than the full death benefit. This arrangement allows the individual to access funds while alive. Option A) Power of attorney grants legal authority to another person to make decisions on behalf of the client, but it does not involve life insurance settlements. Option B) Beneficiary settlement is not a recognized term in the context of life insurance arrangements. Option D) Life insurance guardianship is not a standard term in the insurance industry. Educationally, understanding viatical settlements is important in pharmacology as it relates to end-of-life care and financial planning for patients with terminal illnesses like AIDS. It highlights the ethical, legal, and financial considerations that healthcare professionals should be aware of when supporting patients in such situations. This knowledge can help pharmacology students provide comprehensive care and guidance to patients and their families facing end-of-life decisions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An experienced RN who is familiar with the medical unit and its protocols is the best choice for caring for a patient with acute rejection. This patient requires close monitoring and skilled care which an experienced RN can provide. The other options involve RNs who may not be as familiar with the unit or are less experienced.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An elevated BUN level may indicate kidney involvement which is a serious complication of SLE. The other findings are expected in SLE and do not indicate an urgent problem. CRP is a marker of inflammation and positive ANA and LE cell prep are diagnostic of SLE but do not indicate acute complications.