What nursing measure assumes priority for Mr. Johnson with sudden diarrhea and high fever?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, to monitor respiratory status and observe for signs of hypoxia. This is because sudden diarrhea and high fever can indicate a potential infectious illness, which can lead to respiratory complications such as pneumonia. Monitoring respiratory status is crucial to detect any signs of respiratory distress or hypoxia early on. A: Determining his work on an air-conditioning unit is not a priority at this time as it does not directly address his immediate health concerns. B: Placing the patient in isolation may be necessary later depending on the diagnosis, but it is not the priority at this moment. D: Beginning discharge teaching is not appropriate as the patient is currently experiencing acute symptoms that require immediate attention. In summary, monitoring respiratory status is the priority to ensure early detection and intervention for any potential respiratory complications in a patient with sudden diarrhea and high fever.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and adult medical-surgical care, the correct answer, option D, stating the rationale for avoiding crowds when influenza or colds are prevalent, best reflects the achievement of avoiding infections for Mr. Puff. This is because individuals with compromised respiratory systems, such as Mr. Puff, are more susceptible to respiratory infections like influenza and colds, which can lead to serious complications. Avoiding crowded places reduces the risk of exposure to infectious agents, thereby helping to prevent infections. Option A, explaining the reason for avoiding aerosol sprays and powders, is not the best choice as it pertains more to respiratory irritants and allergens rather than infectious agents. Option B, explaining the reason for avoiding unnecessary physical activity, while important for general health and well-being, is not directly related to avoiding infections in Mr. Puff's case. Option C, listing causative organisms of bronchial infections, though relevant to understanding infections, does not directly address strategies for infection prevention. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind infection prevention strategies is crucial for providing safe and effective care to patients, especially those with underlying health conditions. By selecting option D, students learn the importance of infection control measures tailored to specific patient needs, which is a fundamental aspect of pharmacological and medical-surgical nursing practice. This reinforces the significance of individualized care and patient education in preventing complications and promoting health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen in treating COPD is crucial to relieve hypoxemia, which is a common complication of this condition. In COPD, there is impaired gas exchange in the lungs due to damaged airways and alveoli, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Supplemental oxygen helps to increase the oxygen concentration in the blood, improving oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, thereby alleviating symptoms like shortness of breath and preventing complications of hypoxemia, such as tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Option B is incorrect because administering oxygen does not increase carbon dioxide retention. In fact, it can help reduce carbon dioxide levels by improving oxygenation, which can indirectly decrease the respiratory drive as it is often driven by hypoxemia rather than hypercapnia. Option C is incorrect because administering oxygen does not increase the intensity of respiratory drive. In patients with COPD, the respiratory drive is often blunted due to chronic hypercapnia, so providing oxygen can actually help to normalize respiratory drive by correcting hypoxemia without increasing the drive to dangerous levels. Option D is incorrect because administering oxygen does not directly decrease respiratory secretions. Oxygen therapy is primarily aimed at improving oxygenation in COPD patients and does not have a direct effect on respiratory secretions. Educationally, understanding the rationale for administering oxygen in COPD is essential for nurses and healthcare professionals caring for patients with this condition. It underscores the importance of proper oxygen therapy to manage hypoxemia effectively and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take if Wendy develops moderate hypotension and an irregular pulse while receiving aminophylline is option D: Slow the rate of aminophylline administration, monitor vital signs, and notify the physician. This option is the most appropriate because aminophylline is a bronchodilator that can cause side effects like hypotension and arrhythmias. By slowing the administration rate, the nurse can help decrease the likelihood of exacerbating these side effects while continuing to provide the therapeutic benefits of the medication. Option A is incorrect because simply monitoring vital signs without taking action to address the hypotension and irregular pulse is not sufficient when a patient is experiencing adverse effects from a medication. Option B is incorrect because abruptly discontinuing aminophylline can lead to rebound bronchoconstriction in patients who are receiving it for respiratory conditions. Option C is inappropriate because administering epinephrine in this situation could worsen the hypotension and irregular pulse, as epinephrine can further increase heart rate and blood pressure. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential side effects of medications like aminophylline and how to appropriately respond to adverse reactions. By being knowledgeable about pharmacology principles and understanding the rationale behind each action, nurses can provide safe and effective care to their patients. This case highlights the importance of careful monitoring, appropriate interventions, and timely communication with the healthcare team when managing medication-related complications in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and adult medical-surgical care, the best method of controlling exposure to illness in any occupational environment is by developing prevention programs (Option B). This answer is correct because prevention is fundamental in reducing the risk of illness transmission. Prevention programs focus on education, vaccination, infection control measures, and promoting a healthy work environment. By implementing preventive strategies, healthcare workers can significantly reduce the likelihood of exposure to infectious agents and occupational hazards. Option A, the use of masks, is a helpful measure in certain situations to prevent the spread of airborne diseases, but it is not as comprehensive as developing prevention programs. Masks alone may not address other routes of transmission or provide a holistic approach to occupational health and safety. Option C, early diagnosis of illness, is crucial in managing diseases but is not primarily focused on controlling exposure in the occupational setting. Early diagnosis helps in timely treatment and preventing disease progression but does not address the prevention of initial exposure. Option D, developing rehabilitation programs, is not directly related to controlling exposure to illness in the occupational environment. Rehabilitation programs are designed to help individuals recover and regain functional abilities after illness or injury, rather than preventing exposure in the first place. Educationally, understanding the importance of prevention programs in occupational health can empower healthcare professionals to proactively mitigate risks and promote a safe working environment. By emphasizing preventive measures, healthcare workers can protect themselves, their colleagues, and patients from potential harm, ultimately enhancing the quality of care provided while minimizing occupational health hazards.