What nursing intervention would the nurse include in the preoperative care plan for a patient scheduled for an outpatient lumpectomy of a fibroadenoma?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is essential to advise the patient to avoid food or drink for at least 2 hours before surgery to reduce the risk of aspiration during the procedure. An empty stomach helps prevent vomiting and aspiration of stomach contents that could potentially lead to respiratory complications during the surgical procedure. This is a crucial preoperative nursing intervention to ensure patient safety and preparation for the lumpectomy surgery. Administering pain and antiemetic medications, arranging for transportation home, and reviewing discharge instructions are important aspects of care but do not directly impact the patient's safety during the procedure like fasting before surgery does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering oral analgesics is an independent function of the professional nurse. Independent nursing interventions are those that a nurse is licensed to initiate based on their knowledge and skills without needing an order from a healthcare provider. Nurses are educated and trained in medication administration, including oral analgesics, and can independently assess the need for and safely administer them within their scope of practice. While requesting diagnostic studies, teaching perineal care, and providing wound care are essential nursing interventions, they typically require some form of healthcare provider's order or supervision, making them more interdependent activities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: B. Informing the patient about pro-choice support groups: It is important for the clinic nurse to provide patients with information about different support resources available, including pro-choice support groups, to ensure they have access to a variety of perspectives and guidance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Analysis is the step of the nursing process being used when the nurse decides whether an ethical dilemma exists. During the analysis step, the nurse gathers and interprets data to make sense of a clinical situation. In the case of ethical dilemmas, the nurse would assess the situation, gather relevant information, and analyze it to determine if there is a conflict in values, beliefs, or principles, which would classify it as an ethical dilemma. Once the nurse identifies the existence of an ethical dilemma through analysis, they can then move on to the planning phase to decide on a course of action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI) they may have increased white blood cells (leukocytes) in their urine. White blood cells are a sign of inflammation and infection in the urinary tract. It is a common finding in patients with UTIs. Symptoms such as increased urination and pain with urination are classic signs of a UTI. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see white blood cells in the urine of a patient with a UTI.