What nursing intervention best demonstrates a commitment to client autonomy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because collaborating with a client while developing a nursing care plan empowers the client to actively participate in decision-making about their own care, respecting their autonomy. This intervention allows the client to express their preferences, values, and needs, leading to a more individualized and client-centered approach. A: Establishing client-centered goals is important but doesn't necessarily demonstrate direct commitment to client autonomy as it may not involve active collaboration with the client. B: Assessing for complications is essential for client safety but doesn't directly involve the client in decision-making. D: Encouraging ambulation is beneficial for patient recovery but may not fully engage the client in the decision-making process regarding their care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quantitative. In this scenario, the program chairperson is collecting numerical data on the number of nursing students working in the clinical setting. Quantitative research involves collecting data in numerical form to analyze and draw statistical inferences. This method is suitable for studying relationships and patterns between variables. A: Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical, descriptive data to understand opinions, behaviors, and experiences. C: Meta-analysis involves synthesizing results from multiple studies to draw conclusions about a specific research question. D: Longitudinal research involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period to track changes or trends. In summary, the program chairperson's survey collecting numerical data on nursing students' clinical work aligns with the characteristics of quantitative research, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reality orientation. This intervention involves helping the older adult understand and be more aware of their time, place, and person. It helps them stay oriented to their surroundings and maintain a sense of reality. This can be achieved through methods like displaying clocks, calendars, and familiar objects, providing consistent communication about time and place, and encouraging engagement in daily routines. Reminiscence (A) focuses on recalling past memories, Validation therapy (B) validates the emotions and feelings of the individual rather than emphasizing reality, and Body image interventions (D) are unrelated to the goal of helping the person be more in touch with time, place, and person.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ensure that the ET tube is secure. This is important to prevent accidental extubation and maintain proper airway support. Securing the ET tube also prevents movement that can lead to tissue damage. Option A is incorrect as the ET tube may need adjustment. Option B is unnecessary unless there are specific concerns. Option C is important but ensuring the tube is secure takes precedence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Positive pressure ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation helps improve oxygenation by increasing the mean airway pressure, which helps recruit collapsed alveoli and improve ventilation-perfusion matching in the presence of an intrapulmonary shunt. This therapy can effectively increase the PaO2 levels in this patient. Choice B: Oxygen administration at a FIO2 of 100% may not be sufficient to overcome the intrapulmonary shunt and improve oxygenation significantly. Choice C: Administration of O2 per nasal cannula at 1 to 3 L/min may not provide enough oxygen to overcome the shunting effect and improve oxygenation adequately. Choice D: Clearance of airway secretions with coughing and suctioning may be beneficial for airway clearance but is not directly related to correcting the underlying oxygenation issue caused by the intrapulmonary shunt.