What nursing action takes priority for Mr. Alexander intubated for pneumonia?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct nursing action that takes priority for Mr. Alexander, who is intubated for pneumonia, is option B) Aspirate secretions from the airway, as needed. This is the priority because effective airway management is crucial for patients with pneumonia who are intubated. Accumulated secretions can lead to airway obstruction, decreased oxygenation, and increased risk of infection. Option A) Providing the patient with intermittent positive pressure is not the priority as the question specifically mentions that the patient is intubated for pneumonia, which indicates the need for managing airway secretions. Option C) Explaining the need for frequent suctioning is important for patient education but does not address the immediate priority of managing airway secretions for a patient with pneumonia who is intubated. Option D) Ordering a room air humidifier may be beneficial for overall airway management but does not address the immediate need to aspirate secretions to maintain a clear airway. In an educational context, understanding the priorities in managing a patient with pneumonia who is intubated is essential for nurses caring for critically ill patients. Effective airway management, including timely aspiration of secretions, helps prevent complications and ensures adequate oxygenation for the patient. Nurses must prioritize interventions based on the patient's immediate needs to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Cigarette smoking. This is because cigarette smoking is the primary and most well-known risk factor for developing emphysema. Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that damage the alveoli in the lungs, leading to the characteristic lung changes seen in emphysema. Mr. Puff is likely already aware of this association between cigarette smoking and emphysema due to the widespread public health campaigns and education on the topic. Option A) Air pollution can contribute to respiratory issues, but it is not the major factor Mr. Puff would already be aware of in relation to emphysema. Option B) Repeated bronchial infections may exacerbate existing lung conditions but are not the primary cause of emphysema. Option D) Hereditary factors can play a role in some cases of emphysema, but it is not as prevalent or widely recognized as the link between cigarette smoking and the development of the condition. Educationally, this question serves to reinforce the importance of patient education regarding the risks associated with cigarette smoking and the development of emphysema. It highlights the need for healthcare providers to have conversations with patients about lifestyle choices that can impact their health, such as smoking, and the role these factors play in the development of chronic conditions like emphysema.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding postural drainage is crucial for managing respiratory conditions effectively. The correct answer, option D, 'Postural drainage uses gravity to move the secretions,' is the best indication of patient understanding. This statement accurately reflects the fundamental principle behind postural drainage - utilizing gravity to help clear secretions from the lungs. Patients need to comprehend this concept to perform the technique correctly. Option A, 'I should try to hold the proper position for 20 minutes,' is incorrect because the duration of each position in postural drainage can vary and is typically guided by a healthcare professional based on individual needs. Option B, 'I should continue postural drainage even when my cough is nonproductive,' is incorrect as postural drainage is more effective when accompanied by productive coughing. Option C, 'The positions for postural drainage always remain the same,' is incorrect because the positions may vary depending on the area of the lung being targeted. In an educational context, teaching patients about postural drainage involves explaining the rationale behind the technique, correct positions to use, and when to perform it for optimal benefit. Understanding the underlying principle of using gravity to aid secretion clearance is essential for patients to actively participate in their respiratory care and achieve positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this pharmacology question, the significant health hazard particularly to patients with asthma is asthma itself (Option B). Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. Patients with asthma are at a higher risk of exacerbations triggered by various factors such as allergens, respiratory infections, or environmental pollutants. The correct answer is B because asthma poses a direct threat to patients with this condition due to the potential for acute bronchoconstriction, respiratory distress, and even life-threatening asthma attacks. Understanding the nature of asthma and its management is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively support and treat patients with this condition. Options A, C, and D are incorrect in this context. Alcoholism (Option A) is a significant health issue with its own set of complications but is not directly related to exacerbating asthma symptoms. Peptic ulcer (Option C) and peripheral vascular disease (Option D) are also important health concerns but do not pose the same immediate risk to patients with asthma as asthma itself does. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the specific health hazards that can impact patients with underlying medical conditions like asthma. Healthcare providers need to be well-versed in identifying and managing these risks to provide optimal care and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) The method of communication. Before a total laryngectomy, it is crucial for the nurse to discuss communication options with the patient, as this procedure involves the removal of the larynx, impacting the patient's ability to speak. Understanding how Mr. Singer plans to communicate post-surgery is essential for providing proper support and care. Option A) The importance of fluid intake is important, but not the most immediate concern before a total laryngectomy. While hydration is significant for overall health, communication methods take precedence in this scenario. Option B) The problem of constipation is not directly related to a laryngectomy. Although constipation can be a common issue post-surgery due to changes in diet and activity levels, it is not the most pertinent topic for discussion before a laryngectomy. Option C) The possible radiation therapy is a valid consideration post-surgery, but it is not the most pressing issue to address before a total laryngectomy. Communication methods are more immediate and essential for ensuring effective post-operative care and support for the patient. In an educational context, understanding the priorities in pre-operative patient education is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. By focusing on the immediate needs and concerns of the patient undergoing a laryngectomy, nurses can better support their patients through the surgical process and post-operative recovery. Communication is a fundamental aspect of patient care, and addressing this aspect before surgery helps promote effective patient-provider communication and overall well-being.