What newborn blood test determines blood type and testing for Rh incompatibility?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of newborn blood testing, the correct answer is D) Coombs test. The Coombs test, also known as the direct antiglobulin test, is used to detect antibodies or antigens that are present on the surface of red blood cells. In the case of newborns, this test is crucial in determining if the baby has been sensitized to Rh-positive blood from the mother, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn. Option A) direct bilirubin level and option B) indirect bilirubin level are tests used to assess for jaundice in newborns, not for determining blood type or Rh incompatibility. Option C) RBC count with type and cross-match is a test used to determine the blood type and compatibility for blood transfusions, not specifically for assessing Rh incompatibility in newborns. In an educational context, understanding the importance of the Coombs test in newborn care is essential for nurses and healthcare providers working in neonatal units. Recognizing the significance of this test in identifying and managing Rh incompatibility can help prevent serious complications in newborns, such as hemolytic disease. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the various newborn blood tests to provide safe and effective care to this vulnerable population.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and nursing care of the newborn, the correct answer is D) The mother should continue to breast-feed the infant every 2 to 3 hours or more frequently as tolerated (every 2 hours if under phototherapy). This guidance is based on the fact that breast milk is crucial for the newborn's health and development. Breast milk helps to promote gut health, immunity, and overall well-being of the infant. Additionally, breast milk helps in the passage of meconium, which aids in the elimination of excess bilirubin, thus helping to reduce hyperbilirubinemia. Option A is incorrect as stopping breast-feeding is not recommended unless there are specific medical reasons to do so. Option B is also incorrect as it suggests switching to bottle-feeding until the bilirubin levels return to normal, which is unnecessary if breastfeeding can continue. Option C, alternating between breast and bottle-feeding, may lead to decreased breast milk supply and confusion for the newborn. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the benefits of breastfeeding and how breast milk can help manage conditions like hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Providing evidence-based guidance to mothers can help optimize the health outcomes for both the baby and the mother.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In umbilical cord care for newborns, the correct answer is C) Keep the cord dry and open to the air. This is essential because allowing the cord to remain dry and exposed to air helps promote natural drying, prevents bacterial growth, and facilitates the natural process of cord separation without causing irritation or infection. Option A is incorrect because applying rubbing alcohol can actually delay cord separation and irritate the baby's delicate skin. Option B recommending covering the cord with bacitracin is unnecessary and may increase the risk of developing bacterial resistance. Option D suggesting washing the cord with soap and water daily during bath time can also be detrimental as it can introduce bacteria and disrupt the natural healing process. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to provide evidence-based, safe practices in umbilical cord care to prevent complications and promote optimal newborn health. Teaching parents the correct method, as in option C, empowers them to care for their newborn effectively and fosters a trusting relationship with healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of preventing SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), placing the infant on their back to sleep is the correct action for the parent to take. This is in line with the safe sleep guidelines recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Placing the baby on their back reduces the risk of SIDS as it maintains an open airway and prevents suffocation. The other options are incorrect and potentially dangerous. Wrapping the baby in layers of blankets increases the risk of overheating, which is a risk factor for SIDS. Putting stuffed animals in the crib can also pose a suffocation hazard. Additionally, sleeping or bed-sharing with the infant increases the risk of accidental suffocation or overlaying, both of which are associated with an increased risk of SIDS. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to emphasize safe sleep practices to parents to reduce the risk of SIDS. By providing clear and accurate information on safe sleep guidelines, nurses empower parents to create a safe sleep environment for their newborns, ultimately promoting infant safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing care for newborns, ensuring thermoregulation during a bath is crucial. Newborns have limited ability to regulate their body temperature, making them susceptible to hypothermia if exposed to cold water or air during bathing. Maintaining a warm environment and using warm water helps prevent heat loss and supports the newborn's thermoregulatory system. Option A, hyperbilirubinemia, is not a primary concern during a routine newborn bath unless the baby has specific conditions like jaundice that require phototherapy. Hypoglycemia (Option B) is a metabolic concern in newborns, but it is not directly impacted by a routine bath. Contact dermatitis (Option D) can occur if harsh soaps or chemicals are used, but it is a preventable issue through proper selection of bath products and gentle handling. Educationally, understanding the unique vulnerabilities of newborns, such as their impaired thermoregulation, is essential for providing safe and effective care. Nurses and caregivers must be vigilant in maintaining a warm environment during bathing to prevent hypothermia and promote the newborn's overall well-being.