What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question from the ATI RN Nursing Care of Children exam, the correct answer is A) Cystitis. Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, commonly caused by bacterial infection. This condition is prevalent in children, especially girls, due to their anatomy and proximity of the urethra to the anus. Option B) Urethritis is incorrect as it specifically refers to inflammation of the urethra, not the bladder. Option C) Urosepsis is a severe condition characterized by bacteria in the bloodstream, not localized to the bladder. Option D) Bacteriuria simply means bacteria in the urine, which may be present in cystitis but does not define the specific inflammation of the bladder. Educationally, understanding the differences in terminology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment in pediatric patients. Nurses must be able to differentiate between these conditions to provide appropriate care and prevent complications. It highlights the importance of assessing urinary symptoms in children and implementing interventions to manage and treat cystitis effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Urinary tract infection (UTI). The child's presentation of urinary incontinence is concerning for a possible UTI. UTIs are fairly common in children and can present with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and incontinence. It is important to promptly diagnose and treat UTIs in children to prevent complications such as kidney damage. Option A) School phobia is unlikely to cause urinary incontinence. School phobia is characterized by anxiety related to attending school. Option B) Glomerulonephritis typically presents with symptoms such as hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension, rather than urinary incontinence. Option D) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) does not typically cause urinary incontinence as a primary symptom. It is more commonly associated with symptoms related to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. As educators, it is crucial to highlight the importance of recognizing common pediatric conditions like UTIs and understanding their diverse presentations in children. Educating parents and caregivers on the signs and symptoms of UTIs can lead to early detection and appropriate management, ultimately promoting the health and well-being of children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls is to cleanse the perineum with water after voiding (Option C). This is because good perineal hygiene helps to reduce the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, which can lead to UTIs. By cleansing the perineum with water after voiding, the nurse can help to maintain cleanliness and reduce the likelihood of bacterial contamination. Option A, avoiding public toilet facilities, is not the most effective recommendation for preventing UTIs in young girls. While it is important to use clean and hygienic toilet facilities, simply avoiding public toilets does not address the root cause of UTIs. Option B, limiting long baths as much as possible, is also not the most appropriate recommendation. While prolonged exposure to water can sometimes contribute to UTIs, the key factor in preventing UTIs is maintaining good perineal hygiene rather than solely focusing on the duration of baths. Option D, ensuring clear liquid intake of 2 L/day, is a general recommendation for overall health but may not directly prevent UTIs. While adequate hydration is important for urinary tract health, it is not as directly related to preventing UTIs as maintaining good perineal hygiene. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the specific measures that can help prevent UTIs in young girls. Teaching proper perineal hygiene practices can empower both the young girls and their caregivers to take proactive steps in reducing the risk of UTIs, promoting overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In teaching the parent of a 2-year-old with pyelonephritis related to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the nurse should include information about having siblings examined for VUR (Option C). This is the correct answer because VUR can run in families, so siblings of the affected child are at risk and should be evaluated to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because limiting fluids does not reduce reflux; adequate hydration is important to prevent urinary tract infections. Option B is incorrect as cranberry juice is not a primary treatment for VUR or pyelonephritis. Option D is incorrect because surgery is not always indicated for VUR; management may involve observation, medications, or other interventions based on the severity of the condition. Educationally, understanding the familial nature of VUR and the importance of screening siblings can help parents recognize potential risks early and seek appropriate medical care. It also emphasizes the need for comprehensive family assessments in pediatric nursing to provide holistic care and prevent future health issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In postinfectious glomerulonephritis, the correct pathologic process believed to be responsible for its development is immune complex formation and glomerular deposition, which is option B. This occurs when antigen-antibody complexes deposit in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and damage to the kidney's filtering units. Option A, infarction of renal vessels, is incorrect because postinfectious glomerulonephritis is not caused by ischemic events in the kidneys. Option C, bacterial endotoxin deposition on and destruction of glomeruli, is incorrect as endotoxins may contribute to kidney injury in sepsis but are not the primary mechanism in postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Option D, embolization of glomeruli by bacteria and fibrin from endocardial vegetation, is incorrect as well because this process is more related to infective endocarditis, not postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Educationally, understanding the pathophysiology of postinfectious glomerulonephritis is crucial for nurses caring for children with this condition. By knowing that immune complex deposition is the primary driver of kidney damage, nurses can implement appropriate interventions such as monitoring renal function, managing fluid balance, and administering medications to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.