What must instructions for use of nonoxynol-9 spermicide include?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer, C, states that excess spermicide should be removed from the vagina within 6 hours to reduce vaginal irritation. This is important as leaving excess spermicide can lead to discomfort and irritation. It is a crucial instruction to ensure the user's comfort and safety. Choice A is incorrect as nonoxynol-9 does not necessarily increase efficacy when used with barrier methods. Choice B is incorrect because while using spermicide with condoms can reduce the risk of STIs, the statement does not specifically address the instructions for use. Choice D is incorrect as placing the spermicide close to the vagina's opening does not guarantee maximal effectiveness and is not a critical instruction for safe use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis B. Newborns typically receive the Hepatitis B vaccine shortly after birth to provide protection against the virus. This is important because newborns are at risk of contracting Hepatitis B from infected mothers during childbirth. The vaccine helps prevent chronic liver infections and liver cancer later in life. Why other choices are incorrect: B: Rotavirus - Rotavirus vaccine is typically given to infants starting at 2 months of age, not immediately after birth. C: Pneumococcal - Pneumococcal vaccines are usually given later in infancy, not right after birth. D: Varicella - Varicella vaccine is typically given around 12-15 months of age, not immediately after birth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid using lotion or ointment on the newborn skin. Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice by exposing the baby's skin to light. Lotions or ointments can interfere with the effectiveness of the light therapy. Dressing the newborn in lightweight clothing (choice A) is not directly related to the effectiveness of phototherapy. Keeping the newborn supine throughout treatment (choice C) is a general position recommendation and not specific to phototherapy. Measuring the newborn's temperature every 8 hours (choice D) is important but not directly related to phototherapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Choice B is correct because a newborn should have at least 6-8 wet diapers in a 24-hour period, indicating adequate hydration and effective breastfeeding. This frequency of wet diapers is a sign of adequate milk intake and hydration for the baby, which is crucial for their growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because feeling a tugging sensation, dark and concentrated urine, and firm breasts are not indicators of effective breathing or breastfeeding in a newborn.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor contractions every 30 min. During the transition phase of labor, contractions are typically intense and frequent. Monitoring contractions every 30 minutes allows the nurse to assess the progress of labor and ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby. This helps in identifying any abnormalities or complications that may arise during this critical stage. A: Assisting the client to void every 3 hr is important, but it is not specific to the transition phase of labor. C: Placing the client into a lithotomy position is not recommended during the transition phase as it can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of complications. D: Encouraging the client to use a pant-blow breathing pattern is a relaxation technique more suited for the earlier stages of labor, not the transition phase.