What milestone can an infant generally accomplish?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because learning to lift his head is a milestone achieved by infants around 1-2 months old. This milestone is crucial for developing neck strength and control, which is essential for later milestones like sitting up and crawling. A, controlling bladder, is typically achieved later in infancy. B, social relationships, develop later in childhood. C, walking and jumping, are achieved around 9-18 months old.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C - Cardiac arrest): 1. Cardiac arrest specifically refers to the heart stopping, leading to the cessation of blood flow. 2. It is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention like CPR and defibrillation. 3. Pulmonary arrest (A) pertains to the lungs stopping, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is not a medical term.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM behavior disorder. This parasomnia involves talking and violent movements during REM sleep, often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Somnambulism (A) is sleepwalking, not characterized by violent movements. Narcolepsy (B) involves excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, not violent movements. Restless leg syndrome (C) causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, not related to violent movements during sleep. D is the correct answer due to its specific association with the symptoms described in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itching and rashes. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice that typically causes itching due to the lice feeding on blood and laying eggs on the scalp. Rashes may also develop from scratching the itchy areas. Choice B, acne and lesions, is incorrect because lice infestation does not typically cause acne-like lesions. Choice C, cuts and abrasions, is incorrect as lice infestation does not directly cause cuts or abrasions. Choice D, boils and abscesses, is incorrect because these are not common symptoms of pediculosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Dehydration leads to a decrease in blood volume, causing inadequate blood flow to the brain. Step 2: Inadequate blood flow to the brain can result in dizziness. Step 3: Hence, dizziness is a common sign of dehydration. Summary: A: Moist mucous membranes are not a sign of dehydration as dehydration causes dryness. B: An increase in urinary output is a sign of dehydration, not a symptom of dehydration. C: Slowed heartbeat is not a direct sign of dehydration and may occur in other conditions.