What milestone can an infant generally accomplish?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Learning to lift his head. This milestone typically occurs around 1-2 months of age and is crucial for developing neck strength and control. Lifting the head is an important precursor to other motor skills like rolling over and crawling. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent milestones that occur at later stages of development and are not typically achieved in infancy. Learning to control the bladder happens around 2-3 years, becoming active in social relationships develops over time, and learning to walk and jump usually occurs around 9-18 months of age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac arrest. This is when the heart stops beating, leading to the cessation of blood flow. Pulmonary arrest (A) refers to the cessation of breathing, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is a vague term and does not specifically refer to the heart stopping. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly addresses the scenario of the heart no longer beating, which is a life-threatening emergency.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM behavior disorder. This disorder is characterized by talking and violent movements during REM sleep. It is often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Somnambulism (A) is sleepwalking, not typically involving violent movements. Narcolepsy (B) is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, not violent movements. Restless leg syndrome (C) causes discomfort in the legs, not violent movements during sleep. Therefore, D is the correct answer based on the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itching and rashes. Pediculosis is a condition caused by infestation of lice. Lice bites can lead to itching and skin irritation, resulting in rashes. Other choices like B: Acne and lesions, C: Cuts and abrasions, and D: Boils and abscesses are not typically associated with pediculosis. Acne is caused by blocked hair follicles, cuts and abrasions are physical injuries, and boils and abscesses are usually caused by bacterial infections. Therefore, the symptoms of itching and rashes are the most characteristic of pediculosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Dizziness) is correct: 1. Dehydration leads to reduced blood volume, causing decreased blood flow to the brain. 2. This reduced blood flow can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting. 3. Dizziness is a common symptom of dehydration due to impaired brain function. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Moist mucous membranes - Dehydration leads to dry mucous membranes, not moist. B: An increase in urinary output - Dehydration typically causes a decrease in urine output. C: Slowed heartbeat - Dehydration usually leads to an increased heart rate to compensate for reduced blood volume, not a slowed heartbeat.