What medication is a contraindication to Nitroglycerin

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Erectile dysfunction drugs like Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), and Levitra (vardenafil) are contraindicated with Nitroglycerin. Both Nitroglycerin and erectile dysfunction drugs work by lowering blood pressure. When taken together, they can cause a significant drop in blood pressure leading to dizziness, fainting, and even serious complications like low blood pressure and decreased oxygen supply to the heart. Therefore, it is important to avoid using these medications together to prevent potential harm.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Montelukast is commonly administered orally, which stands for "per os" meaning by mouth. This medication is available in tablet, chewable tablet, and oral granule formulations for easy ingestion. It is not administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or subcutaneously (SubQ) as it is primarily used for oral administration to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Idiosyncratic reactions to drugs refer to individual responses that cannot be explained by known mechanisms or understood pharmacological properties of the drug. These reactions are typically unpredictable and uncommon. Unlike allergic reactions that involve a specific immune response, idiosyncratic reactions are unique to the individual and may not be fully understood. Side effects, on the other hand, are known and expected effects of a drug, while teratogenic effects are related to drug exposure during pregnancy causing harm to the fetus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The diagnostic triad of morphine overdose includes coma, depressed respiration, and pinpoint pupils. Coma occurs due to the central nervous system depression caused by morphine. Depressed respiration is a common symptom of opioid overdose, leading to respiratory distress and potential respiratory failure. Pinpoint pupils, also known as miosis, are a classic sign of opioid overdose and result from the effect of morphine on the autonomic nervous system. These three symptoms together are characteristic of a morphine overdose and indicate a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prednisone is a corticosteroid medication that can cause side effects such as fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance, and increased blood pressure. On the other hand, high-dose aspirin, especially when taken for arthritis, can have blood-thinning effects that may also contribute to lowering blood pressure. Given these potential effects of both medications, the nurse should be vigilant for the development of hypotension in the patient. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of low blood pressure, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and weakness, is crucial in this situation to ensure the patient's safety.