What makes up the powers of labor and birth?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: contractions and pushing efforts. During labor and birth, contractions help to dilate the cervix and push the baby down the birth canal. Pushing efforts from the mother help to expel the baby out. Pelvis and pelvic floor tissues (choice B) provide the passage for the baby but do not actively contribute to the powers of labor. Fetal position, attitude, lie, and presentation (choice C) refer to the baby's position and orientation in the womb, which can affect the progress of labor but do not constitute the powers of labor. Oxytocin (choice D) is a hormone that stimulates contractions but is not the sole component of the powers of labor and birth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a blood pressure of 142/88 is considered high and abnormal during the first stage of labor. This could indicate hypertension, which can have serious implications for both the mother and the baby. High blood pressure can lead to complications such as preeclampsia. A, B, and D are incorrect because: A: Patient moaning with contractions is a common response to labor pains and does not necessarily indicate an abnormal finding. B: Contractions 3 minutes apart lasting 60 seconds are within the normal range for the first stage of labor. D: A respiratory rate of 22 is also within the normal range and is not indicative of any abnormal findings during the first stage of labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During the third stage of labor, the correct answer is B because it describes the typical experiences of the birthing person during this stage. Cramping signifies uterine contractions, a gush of fresh vaginal bleeding indicates the delivery of the placenta, and lengthening of the umbilical cord indicates separation from the placenta. The other options are incorrect as they do not align with the physiological processes of the third stage of labor. A is incorrect as the fetus is delivered in the second stage, not the third. C is incorrect as dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is not a common symptom during the third stage. D is incorrect as increased blood pressure and pain are not typical experiences during this stage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the fourth stage of labor, the nurse should respect the rapid psychologic changes by taking the lead from the parents regarding interruption of bonding. This is important because it allows the parents to establish a strong bond with their newborn without feeling pressured or rushed. By following the parents' cues, the nurse can support their emotional needs and facilitate a positive bonding experience. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not prioritize the parents' emotional needs and may disrupt the bonding process. Inviting the family to see the newborn (Choice A) may add stress to the situation. Asking multiple questions about taking pictures (Choice C) may be intrusive. Taking the newborn to the nursery (Choice D) may interfere with the bonding process and discourage parental involvement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because having multiple family members in the room during labor can be overwhelming and hinder the progress of labor. It is important for the laboring person to have privacy, focus, and reduce stress for a smoother labor experience. Asking the family members to leave the room ensures a calm and supportive environment for the laboring person. Incorrect Choices: A: Educating the family about pain normalcy is helpful, but privacy and focus are more crucial during labor. C: Mentioning epidural may not be appropriate as it is the laboring person's decision and may not be the best option for everyone. D: Assuming the laboring person wants family in the room without considering their preference may not be the best approach for their comfort and progress in labor.