What major global health organization was created in 1948 to address health disparities and promote international health?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The World Health Organization (WHO). Founded in 1948, WHO's primary goal is to address health disparities globally and promote international health cooperation. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for coordinating international health efforts. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a U.S.-based agency focused on disease prevention and control within the country. C: The United Nations Health Program is not a specific organization and does not exist. D: The American Medical Association is a professional organization representing physicians in the United States, not a global health organization.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Environmental Health Movement. This movement aimed to reduce environmental health hazards by focusing on factors such as air and water quality, waste management, and pollution control. The movement emphasized prevention and control of diseases caused by environmental factors. Explanation: 1. The Environmental Health Movement specifically targets environmental hazards, making it the most relevant choice. 2. The Health Promotion Movement focuses on promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles, not specifically on environmental hazards. 3. The Sanitation Movement primarily aimed at improving hygiene and sanitation practices, not addressing broader environmental health issues. 4. The Primary Care Movement emphasizes access to basic healthcare services, not directly related to reducing environmental health hazards.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the cholera outbreak study by John Snow. Snow's study in London in 1854 is considered one of the first examples of public health surveillance as he tracked the source of the outbreak to contaminated water. He used mapping and data analysis to identify patterns and make informed decisions. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The CDC was established in 1946, long after Snow's study. C: National vaccination programs came later and are not directly related to surveillance. D: Edward Jenner's work focused on smallpox vaccination, not surveillance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1955. Dr. Jonas Salk developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1955. This vaccine was a monumental breakthrough in medical history and played a crucial role in eradicating polio. Choice A (1945) is too early for the development of the polio vaccine. Choice B (1952) is also too early, as the vaccine was not developed until 1955. Choice D (1960) is too late, as the vaccine was already developed and in use by 1955. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it aligns with the historical timeline of the development of the polio vaccine by Jonas Salk.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medicare. In the 1960s, Medicare was introduced as a health program specifically aimed at expanding health coverage to older adults in the U.S. Medicare provides health insurance for individuals aged 65 and older, as well as certain younger people with disabilities. Medicaid (B) is a separate program that provides health coverage to low-income individuals and families. The Affordable Care Act (C) was passed in 2010 and aimed to increase access to health insurance for all Americans, not specifically targeting older adults. The Children's Health Insurance Program (D) was created in 1997 to provide health coverage to children in low-income families, not older adults.