What level of prevention is the community health nurse (CHN) implementing when participating in the development of a community-wide disaster management plan?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. In this scenario, the CHN is focusing on preventing a disaster from occurring by participating in the development of a disaster management plan. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health problem before it happens. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, while tertiary prevention involves managing the consequences of a health problem. Choice B, secondary prevention, would involve actions taken after a disaster has occurred to prevent further harm. Choice C, tertiary prevention, would involve actions taken to minimize the impact of a disaster that has already happened. Choice D is incorrect because the CHN's involvement in developing a disaster management plan specifically aligns with primary prevention efforts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Public health focuses on preventing disease, promoting health, and protecting populations through a population-based approach. This involves addressing social determinants of health, implementing interventions at the community level, and working towards health equity. Choice B is incorrect because it describes the provision of health care services in various settings, not specifically focused on population health. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to health care services provided in community institutions, not necessarily focused on population health. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the nursing process and evidence-informed practice, which are important in healthcare delivery but not specific to the broad scope of public health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk reduction activities. In a health risk appraisal, the CHN assesses factors contributing to health risks and develops strategies to reduce these risks. This includes identifying potential health hazards, vulnerabilities, and behaviors that may lead to health problems. Choice A, health promotion activities, focuses on promoting healthy behaviors rather than specifically assessing risks. Choice B, illness prevention activities, aims to prevent illnesses but doesn't necessarily assess overall health risks. Choice D, unhealthy events, is too broad and doesn't capture the comprehensive assessment of risks that a health risk appraisal entails.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alcoholism is determined partly by genes. This answer is correct because research has shown that genetics play a significant role in predisposing individuals to alcoholism. Studies have identified specific genes that can increase the risk of developing alcohol use disorder. However, it is important to note that environmental factors also play a crucial role in the development of alcoholism. A: Alcoholism is not solely determined by the environment; genetics also play a role. C: Alcoholism rates may vary between genders, but it is not accurate to generalize that it is higher in women. D: Persons born with fetal alcohol syndrome have a higher risk of developing alcohol-related issues, but this does not mean they are alcoholics from birth.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it correctly states that the proportion of chlamydia cases to all STIs was 500:1. This is calculated by dividing the number of chlamydia cases (500) by the total number of STI cases (1,000). This ratio accurately reflects the relationship between chlamydia cases and total STI cases within the given data. Choice A is incorrect as it incorrectly states that the proportion of gonorrhea cases to all STIs was 300:1. This ratio is inaccurate and does not reflect the actual data provided. Choices B and C are not provided, but they would be incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the proportion of chlamydia cases to total STI cases as required by the question.