What leadership style does the nurse manager demonstrate by shared decision-making with staff nurses?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Democratic. In the context of shared decision-making with staff nurses, a democratic leadership style is most appropriate. This style involves actively involving team members in the decision-making process, valuing their input, and considering their perspectives before making a final decision. Autocratic leadership (option A) is characterized by a top-down approach where the leader makes decisions without much input from team members. This style can lead to decreased morale and motivation among staff. Laissez-faire leadership (option C) involves minimal interference from the leader, which can result in a lack of direction and oversight, potentially compromising client safety. Situational leadership (option D) suggests that leadership style should be adapted based on the specific situation or context. While this can be effective, in the context of shared decision-making with staff nurses, a democratic approach is generally the most effective for promoting collaboration, engagement, and ultimately, client safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Ethics of care pays attention to the environment in which caring occurs. In the ethics of care approach, emphasis is placed on the context in which ethical dilemmas arise, recognizing the importance of relationships, emotions, and the specific circumstances of each situation. This approach considers the interconnectedness of individuals and how their well-being is influenced by the environment in which care is provided. Option B) Ethics of care pays attention to the stories of the people involved in the ethical issue is incorrect because while the stories of individuals are important in the ethics of care, the primary focus is on the relational aspects and the environment in which care takes place. Option C) Ethics of care is used only in nursing practice is incorrect because the ethics of care is a broader ethical framework that can be applied in various contexts beyond nursing, including education, social work, and counseling. Option D) Ethics of care focuses only on the code of ethics for nurses is incorrect because while ethics of care may align with nursing ethics, it is not limited to the code of ethics for nurses but rather encompasses a more holistic approach to ethical decision-making based on relationships and empathy. Educationally, understanding the ethics of care is crucial for healthcare professionals as it promotes a patient-centered approach that values empathy, relationships, and the impact of the environment on care delivery. By recognizing the importance of context and relationships, practitioners can enhance the quality of care and navigate complex ethical dilemmas more effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a client diagnosed with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) being discharged from the hospital, the priority instruction for the nurse to discuss is option A) Avoid smoking and exposure to smoke. This instruction is crucial because smoking and exposure to smoke can further exacerbate respiratory issues in a client with ARDS, leading to complications and hindering the recovery process. Option B) Do not receive flu or pneumonia vaccines is incorrect because receiving these vaccines is actually important for individuals with ARDS to prevent additional respiratory infections that can worsen their condition. Vaccines help boost the immune system and reduce the risk of contracting illnesses that could further compromise respiratory function. Option C) Avoid any type of alcohol intake is not the priority instruction in this scenario. While alcohol can have negative effects on health, particularly in individuals with respiratory issues, it is not as immediately critical as avoiding smoking and smoke exposure for a client with ARDS. Option D) It will take about one month to recuperate is also incorrect because this statement provides general information about recovery time and does not address any specific actionable steps or precautions that the client needs to take post-discharge to ensure their safety and well-being. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific needs and precautions for clients with respiratory conditions like ARDS. It emphasizes the critical role nurses play in educating clients about lifestyle modifications and actions that can support their recovery and promote optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), the correct answer is B) Barotrauma from excessive airway pressures. ARDS patients often require positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy to improve oxygenation. However, prolonged or excessive PEEP can lead to barotrauma, where the increased pressure in the airways can damage lung tissue and cause complications such as pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema. Option A) Increased cardiac output is incorrect because PEEP therapy typically does not directly affect cardiac output in the context of ARDS. Option C) Decreased pulmonary compliance could be a possible consequence of ARDS itself, but it is not specifically related to the complication of PEEP therapy. Option D) Reduction in alveolar oxygen diffusion is not a direct complication of PEEP therapy but rather a potential consequence of ARDS pathology. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of PEEP therapy in ARDS patients is crucial for nurses caring for these critically ill individuals. Monitoring for signs of barotrauma, such as subcutaneous emphysema, asymmetrical chest movement, or sudden deterioration in oxygenation, is essential to prevent further harm and provide timely interventions. Nurses must also ensure proper PEEP settings and closely monitor the patient's response to therapy to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increasing oxygen flow rate will usually improve oxygen saturation in patients with ventilation-perfusion mismatch, as occurs with pulmonary embolism. Because the problem is with perfusion, actions that improve ventilation, such as deep-breathing and coughing, sitting upright, and suctioning, are not likely to improve oxygenation.