What leadership style does the nurse manager demonstrate by being the sole decision maker regarding issues that concern the unit?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct leadership style demonstrated by the nurse manager is autocratic (Option A). This style is characterized by having centralized decision-making authority, where the leader makes decisions independently without consulting others. The autocratic leadership style is appropriate in situations where quick decisions need to be made, such as in emergencies or when there is a need for strong leadership. In a healthcare setting, the nurse manager may need to make rapid decisions to ensure patient safety and staff efficiency. Option B, democratic leadership, involves involving team members in the decision-making process. While this style can promote teamwork and collaboration, it may not be the most effective approach in urgent or critical situations. Option C, quantum leadership, is a more contemporary approach that focuses on adaptability and change. However, in the given scenario where the nurse manager is the sole decision-maker, this style does not apply. Option D, situational leadership, involves adapting leadership style based on the situation and the readiness of the team. While this is a valuable skill for nurse managers, in this particular case, the nurse manager's behavior aligns more closely with an autocratic style. Educationally, understanding different leadership styles is crucial for nurses in managerial roles as it can impact team dynamics, decision-making processes, and ultimately patient outcomes. By recognizing when to employ different styles, nurse managers can effectively lead their teams and navigate various challenges in the healthcare environment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline. This change in sexual activity among older adults can be attributed to various factors such as declining physical health, loss of a partner, societal attitudes towards sexuality in older age, and changes in libido. As individuals age, they may experience health conditions that affect their physical abilities and overall energy levels, which can impact their desire and ability to engage in sexual activity. Additionally, older adults may face social barriers such as living in long-term care facilities where privacy and opportunities for sexual expression are limited. Option A is incorrect because the need for touch and physical intimacy remains important for many older adults, even though it may vary from person to person. Option B is incorrect as older adults exhibit a wide range of sexual preferences, just like individuals of any age group. Option C is incorrect because physical changes associated with aging, such as menopause or erectile dysfunction, can indeed impact sexual functioning in older adults. In an educational context, understanding the changes in sexual activity among older adults is crucial for healthcare providers, caregivers, and individuals themselves to provide appropriate support, address concerns, and promote overall well-being in later life. It highlights the importance of holistic care that considers the emotional, psychological, and social aspects of sexuality in the aging population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Ethics of care pays attention to the environment in which caring occurs. In the ethics of care approach, emphasis is placed on the context in which ethical dilemmas arise, recognizing the importance of relationships, emotions, and the specific circumstances of each situation. This approach considers the interconnectedness of individuals and how their well-being is influenced by the environment in which care is provided. Option B) Ethics of care pays attention to the stories of the people involved in the ethical issue is incorrect because while the stories of individuals are important in the ethics of care, the primary focus is on the relational aspects and the environment in which care takes place. Option C) Ethics of care is used only in nursing practice is incorrect because the ethics of care is a broader ethical framework that can be applied in various contexts beyond nursing, including education, social work, and counseling. Option D) Ethics of care focuses only on the code of ethics for nurses is incorrect because while ethics of care may align with nursing ethics, it is not limited to the code of ethics for nurses but rather encompasses a more holistic approach to ethical decision-making based on relationships and empathy. Educationally, understanding the ethics of care is crucial for healthcare professionals as it promotes a patient-centered approach that values empathy, relationships, and the impact of the environment on care delivery. By recognizing the importance of context and relationships, practitioners can enhance the quality of care and navigate complex ethical dilemmas more effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a client diagnosed with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) being discharged from the hospital, the priority instruction for the nurse to discuss is option A) Avoid smoking and exposure to smoke. This instruction is crucial because smoking and exposure to smoke can further exacerbate respiratory issues in a client with ARDS, leading to complications and hindering the recovery process. Option B) Do not receive flu or pneumonia vaccines is incorrect because receiving these vaccines is actually important for individuals with ARDS to prevent additional respiratory infections that can worsen their condition. Vaccines help boost the immune system and reduce the risk of contracting illnesses that could further compromise respiratory function. Option C) Avoid any type of alcohol intake is not the priority instruction in this scenario. While alcohol can have negative effects on health, particularly in individuals with respiratory issues, it is not as immediately critical as avoiding smoking and smoke exposure for a client with ARDS. Option D) It will take about one month to recuperate is also incorrect because this statement provides general information about recovery time and does not address any specific actionable steps or precautions that the client needs to take post-discharge to ensure their safety and well-being. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific needs and precautions for clients with respiratory conditions like ARDS. It emphasizes the critical role nurses play in educating clients about lifestyle modifications and actions that can support their recovery and promote optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), the correct answer is B) Barotrauma from excessive airway pressures. ARDS patients often require positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy to improve oxygenation. However, prolonged or excessive PEEP can lead to barotrauma, where the increased pressure in the airways can damage lung tissue and cause complications such as pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema. Option A) Increased cardiac output is incorrect because PEEP therapy typically does not directly affect cardiac output in the context of ARDS. Option C) Decreased pulmonary compliance could be a possible consequence of ARDS itself, but it is not specifically related to the complication of PEEP therapy. Option D) Reduction in alveolar oxygen diffusion is not a direct complication of PEEP therapy but rather a potential consequence of ARDS pathology. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of PEEP therapy in ARDS patients is crucial for nurses caring for these critically ill individuals. Monitoring for signs of barotrauma, such as subcutaneous emphysema, asymmetrical chest movement, or sudden deterioration in oxygenation, is essential to prevent further harm and provide timely interventions. Nurses must also ensure proper PEEP settings and closely monitor the patient's response to therapy to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.