What kind of stain is most commonly used to visualize the capsule of cryptococcus?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: negative stain. Negative staining technique uses acidic stains which are repelled by the capsule of cryptococcus, making it visible as a clear halo around the stained cell. Gram stain (A) is used for bacterial cell wall visualization, simple stain (B) colors all cells uniformly, and fluorescent stain (D) requires a fluorescent microscope and specific dyes. Negative stain is the most effective method for visualizing cryptococcus capsules due to its unique structure and composition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Expecting the patient to feed himself/herself after explaining the arrangement of the food on the tray promotes independence and autonomy. 2. It respects the patient's capabilities and encourages self-reliance, which is important for rehabilitation in functional neurological disorders. 3. Providing clear instructions can help the patient navigate the task despite the blindness, fostering a sense of accomplishment. 4. This approach aligns with patient-centered care principles, prioritizing the patient's dignity and self-care abilities. Summary of other choices: A. Establishing a buddy system may not address the patient's need for independence and could potentially undermine their self-esteem. C. Directing the patient to locate items independently may not be practical or safe given the blindness, and it may lead to frustration. D. Neglecting the patient's needs in favor of others is not in line with providing individualized care and could compromise patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Body dysmorphic disorder. This individual's distorted belief about their appearance despite no actual disfigurement aligns with the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. People with this disorder obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance. Incorrect choices: A: Dissociative identity disorder involves multiple distinct personality states, not related to body image. C: Pseudocyesis is a false belief of being pregnant, unrelated to body image. D: Malingering involves feigning symptoms for external gain, not related to distorted body image perceptions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Facial asymmetry or difficulty with facial expressions indicates dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve). Clear facial movements, normal taste sensation, and equal pupils are normal findings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sudden, severe headache and neck stiffness may indicate meningitis. A neurologic assessment and evaluation for meningeal irritation are critical. Blood pressure, glucose levels, and throat inspection are secondary.