ATI RN
Nursing Care of Vulnerable Populations Questions
Question 1 of 5
What kind of prevention is a nurse implementing when advising a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. By advising the client to consume three servings of milk or dairy products daily, the nurse is aiming to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in the first place. This falls under primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the disease before it occurs. The other choices are not correct because secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent the disease from progressing further, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the disease to prevent complications, and treatment without preventive measures does not fall under any prevention category.
Question 2 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, what is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because a higher prevalence of the disease in one neighborhood could be due to specific cultural or ethnic factors that increase susceptibility to the illness. This could include differences in lifestyle, dietary habits, genetic predispositions, access to healthcare, or exposure to environmental risk factors within that community. This explanation aligns with the observed statistical data showing a cluster of cases in a specific neighborhood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B (The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city) is not a sufficient explanation on its own as it does not directly address why there would be a higher prevalence of the disease in that particular neighborhood. Choice C (A statistical fluke without meaning) is unlikely given the clear pattern of significantly more cases in one specific area. Choice D (The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city) is irrelevant as the question states that all else is the same
Question 3 of 5
A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled and expanded a couple of years ago. The nurse decides to check on the principal's observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years. What sort of study is the nurse doing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Descriptive epidemiological study. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting a study to describe the frequency and distribution of asthma-related health office visits among students over the past 5 years. This type of study aims to summarize data and identify patterns without making causal inferences. It helps in understanding the health issue's prevalence and trends within the school population. Choice B: Ecological study involves analyzing data at the group level, such as comparing different populations or locations. It is not applicable in this context as the focus is on individual health office visits. Choices C and D: Prospective and retrospective cohort studies involve following individuals over time to assess the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Since the nurse is not following individuals longitudinally in this scenario, these choices are not relevant.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is investigating bacteria that have caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. What could account for this?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Host factors. Host factors refer to individual characteristics that influence susceptibility to a pathogen, such as immune status, genetic predispositions, age, and underlying health conditions. In this scenario, the variation in illness among individuals exposed to the bacteria suggests that host factors play a significant role. Chemical agent factors (A), environmental factors (B), and physical agent factors (D) are not directly related to individual susceptibility and are less likely to explain why only some individuals become ill after exposure to the bacteria. Therefore, the most plausible explanation for the differing outcomes is the variation in host factors among the exposed individuals.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse believes the new mouth care procedure (MCP) is causing more mouth problems than it is helping to avoid. What must be present for the nurse to go to administration with confidence that the new mouth care procedure (MCP) is causing problems? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: A plausible explanation of how the new MCP could cause harm is essential. This shows a logical understanding of the potential risks associated with the procedure. Step 2: Without a plausible explanation, the nurse's strong feeling (choice B) may be biased and subjective, lacking evidence-based reasoning. Step 3: Consistently seeing mouth inflammation (choice C) could be coincidental or due to other factors, not necessarily directly linked to the new MCP. Step 4: Documentation from patient records (choice D) is important but may not conclusively prove causation without a clear understanding of the mechanism by which the new MCP could cause harm.