What is true about voice rehabilitation after a total laryngectomy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Voice rehabilitation after a total laryngectomy is crucial for individuals to regain effective communication. Option C, "Assistive devices are available," is the correct answer. This is because after a total laryngectomy, the natural ability to produce speech is lost due to the removal of the larynx. Assistive devices such as electrolarynx, esophageal speech, and tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) speech prosthesis are available to help individuals communicate effectively. Option A, "Speech is lost permanently," is incorrect as it suggests a permanent loss of communication ability, which is not true with proper rehabilitation and the use of assistive devices. Option B, "Normal speech is restored," is incorrect because after a total laryngectomy, the individual does not regain the ability for speech in the traditional sense but can communicate effectively through other means. Option D, "Voice remains normal-sounding," is incorrect because the individual's voice will be altered after a laryngectomy due to the changes in the anatomy of the throat. Educationally, understanding the options and outcomes of voice rehabilitation after a total laryngectomy is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to provide appropriate support and care to patients undergoing this procedure. By knowing the available assistive devices and the expected outcomes, nurses can educate and assist patients in adapting to their new form of communication effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this NCLEX question about drug interactions for a patient with HIV and TB, the correct answer is option A: Antiretroviral and TB medications. This is because antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV and medications for TB can interact with each other, leading to potential complications and reduced effectiveness of treatment. Option B (Expected symptoms) is incorrect because drug interactions are not related to symptoms but rather to the way medications interact within the body. Option C (Normal progression) is incorrect as it does not address the specific concern of drug interactions in this scenario. Option D (Routine treatment) is incorrect because it does not acknowledge the potential for drug interactions that can occur when treating both HIV and TB simultaneously. Educationally, understanding drug interactions is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure safe and effective treatment for patients with multiple co-existing conditions. It highlights the importance of thorough medication reconciliation, close monitoring for adverse effects, and the need to adjust treatment plans accordingly to optimize patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals must be knowledgeable about potential drug interactions to prevent harm and provide quality care to patients with complex health needs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Readings in the yellow zone indicate a decrease in peak flow. The patient should use short-acting β2-adrenergic (SABA) medications. Readings in the green zone indicate good asthma control. The patient should exhale quickly and forcefully through the peak flow meter mouthpiece to obtain the readings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) No, only with inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting β2-agonists should not be used alone for asthma control because they do not address the underlying inflammation in asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids are the cornerstone for long-term control of asthma as they reduce airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Combining long-acting β2-agonists with inhaled corticosteroids provides both bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects, resulting in better asthma control. Option A) Yes, as first-line therapy is incorrect because using long-acting β2-agonists alone without inhaled corticosteroids can lead to inadequate control of asthma symptoms and increased risk of exacerbations. Option C) Yes, before exercise is incorrect because long-acting β2-agonists are not recommended as sole therapy for asthma control, even before exercise. Inhaled corticosteroids should be included in the treatment regimen for long-term asthma control. Option D) No, only with SABA is incorrect because short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) are used for quick relief of acute asthma symptoms, while long-acting β2-agonists are used for long-term control when combined with inhaled corticosteroids. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the appropriate use of medications in asthma management to optimize patient outcomes. Emphasizing the importance of using inhaled corticosteroids as the foundation of long-term asthma control and the role of long-acting β2-agonists as adjunct therapy can help healthcare providers make informed decisions in managing asthma effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) A highly reactive non-metal that promotes combustion. Oxygen is a non-metal element that is highly reactive, especially in the presence of heat or other catalysts, which makes it support combustion. It is a critical element in sustaining life as it is essential for cellular respiration in organisms. Option B) A noble gas that is unreactive is incorrect because noble gases are a group of elements known for their stable and unreactive nature. Oxygen does not fall into this category. Option C) A metal that conducts electricity is incorrect because oxygen is not a metal; it is a non-metal element. Metals are typically good conductors of electricity, while non-metals are not. Option D) A radioactive element is incorrect because oxygen is not a radioactive element. Radioactive elements undergo decay and emit radiation, which is not a property of oxygen. In an educational context, understanding the properties of oxygen is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially when administering oxygen therapy. Knowing that oxygen is a reactive non-metal that supports combustion helps in ensuring its safe and effective use in clinical settings. This knowledge is also essential for passing exams like the NCLEX, where a clear understanding of basic science concepts is required for success.