ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is this surgical procedure that restores blood flow to the heart by diverting blood around a blocked artery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This procedure involves diverting blood flow around a blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body. It is the most effective treatment for severe coronary artery disease. Angioplasty (B) involves opening a blocked artery with a balloon, stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep an artery open, and valve replacement (D) is for replacing damaged heart valves, not restoring blood flow to the heart.
Question 2 of 5
Which test measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is the correct answer because it measures the volume of air exhaled in a specific time frame, assessing lung function and capacity. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma and COPD. Peak flow meter measures only the maximum speed of exhalation, not volume. Lung volume test measures the total lung capacity, not the speed of air movement. Arterial blood gas measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not lung function.
Question 3 of 5
Which condition is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus, often caused by long-term exposure to irritants?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus due to long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or air pollution. This condition leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in excessive mucus production. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection causing symptoms like coughing up blood, while asthma (C) is characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath. Sinusitis (D) involves inflammation of the sinuses, leading to symptoms like facial pain and congestion.
Question 4 of 5
What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the pleura, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleurisy. Pleurisy is characterized by inflammation of the pleura, the lining surrounding the lungs, causing sharp chest pain exacerbated by breathing. Pericarditis (B) is inflammation of the pericardium, the lining around the heart, not the pleura. Endocarditis (C) is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not the pleura. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not the pleura. Therefore, based on the symptoms described in the question, Pleurisy is the most appropriate diagnosis.
Question 5 of 5
What term describes a condition where a person experiences difficulty breathing when lying flat and requires multiple pillows to sleep comfortably?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Orthopnea refers to difficulty breathing when lying flat, relieved by sitting up. 2. Dyspnea is a general term for difficulty breathing, not specific to lying flat. 3. Tachypnea is rapid breathing, not related to difficulty breathing when lying flat. 4. Bradypnea is slow breathing, not related to difficulty breathing when lying flat. Thus, the correct answer is A (Orthopnea), as it specifically describes the condition of requiring multiple pillows to sleep comfortably due to difficulty breathing when lying flat.