What is the true description of a 7-year-old child expressing fear of being injured by a car?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Separation Anxiety. A 7-year-old child expressing fear of being injured by a car is exhibiting separation anxiety. This is because the fear of being separated from their parents or caregivers can manifest in various forms, including fear of harm coming to them when apart. Phobia (option A) refers to an extreme or irrational fear of a specific object or situation, which is not the case here as the fear is related to separation anxiety rather than a specific trigger like cars. School refusal (option B) is characterized by a child's refusal to attend school due to emotional distress, which is not directly related to the fear of being injured by a car. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (option D) involves excessive worry and anxiety about a variety of events or activities, not specifically related to separation issues. Educationally, understanding these distinctions is crucial for pediatric nurses as it enables them to accurately assess and address a child's emotional needs. By recognizing the symptoms of separation anxiety, nurses can provide appropriate support and interventions to help the child cope with their fears and anxieties effectively. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients and promotes their overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In managing aggression and self-injurious behavior in a 6-year-old boy with autism, the best medication choice is Risperidone (Option B). Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic commonly used in children with autism spectrum disorders to address behavioral symptoms such as aggression, irritability, and self-injurious behaviors. It helps regulate dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, which can reduce these challenging behaviors. Methylphenidate (Option A) is a stimulant medication primarily used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and would not be effective in managing aggression and self-injury in autism. Escitalopram (Option C) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat anxiety and depression, not typically indicated for aggression in autism. Atomoxetine (Option D) is a non-stimulant ADHD medication and also not the first-line choice for managing aggression in autism. Educationally, it's essential for healthcare providers and caregivers working with children with autism to understand the appropriate pharmacological interventions for behavioral symptoms. Knowing the rationale behind each medication option and how it specifically addresses the symptoms presented by the child is crucial in providing effective care and support for individuals with autism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best response in this scenario is option B) leave the behavior as complications usually start after 5 years. This option is the most appropriate because thumb-sucking is a common behavior in young children and typically resolves on its own by the age of 5 without causing significant dental issues. It is crucial to reassure the mother that this behavior is normal and usually self-limiting. Option A) reassurance to mother is a close contender but lacks the specific information regarding the typical timeline for resolution of thumb-sucking behavior. It is important for the mother to understand the natural course of this behavior to alleviate her concerns. Option C) ignore thumb-sucking and encourage a substituted behavior may not be the best approach as forcing a child to stop thumb-sucking abruptly or replacing it with another behavior could lead to increased anxiety and resistance. Option D) the use of bitter ointments will resolve the problem early is not recommended as it may be harsh and ineffective in addressing the underlying causes of thumb-sucking behavior. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to understand the developmental norms and variations in children's behaviors to provide appropriate guidance and support to parents. By explaining the natural history of thumb-sucking and offering reassurance, healthcare professionals can empower parents to effectively manage common childhood behaviors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding truancy is crucial for identifying underlying issues impacting a child's well-being. The correct answer is A) it is normal behavior in young children. This is because truancy, defined as skipping school without permission, is not considered normal behavior in any age group. Option B) it represents disorganization within the home is incorrect because while truancy can be a sign of family issues, it is not the sole explanation. Option C) it may reflect underlying child abuse is incorrect because while truancy can be a red flag for abuse, it is not always the case. Option D) depression may be an association is incorrect as while truancy can be linked to mental health issues like depression, it is not a universal association. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing abnormal behaviors like truancy in children. It emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to consider a holistic approach when assessing children's behaviors, looking beyond surface-level reasons for potential signs of deeper issues impacting the child's overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and the evaluation of a toddler for autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), the recommended evaluation includes physical examination for dysmorphic features to assess for any physical abnormalities that may be associated with certain genetic disorders often comorbid with ASD, hearing tests to rule out hearing impairments that could affect social interaction and communication, and brain CT to look for any structural abnormalities. The incorrect option, D) Wood's lamp, is not a standard or relevant tool in the evaluation of ASD. A Wood's lamp is a diagnostic tool primarily used in dermatology to examine the skin under ultraviolet light, typically to detect fungal or bacterial infections, pigment disorders, or other skin conditions. It is not a standard part of the evaluation for ASD in toddlers. Understanding which diagnostic tools are appropriate for specific assessments is crucial in pediatric nursing to ensure accurate evaluations and appropriate care plans for children. It is important to be able to differentiate between tools used for various assessments to provide optimal care for pediatric patients.