ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the therapeutic use of Alprazolam?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The therapeutic use of Alprazolam is for the relief of anxiety. Alprazolam belongs to a class of medications known as benzodiazepines, which are commonly prescribed to manage anxiety disorders and panic attacks. It works by enhancing the effects of a natural chemical in the body (GABA) to produce a calming effect on the brain and nerves, thereby alleviating symptoms of anxiety.
Question 2 of 5
A client with deep vein thrombosis has been on heparin continuous infusion for 5 days. The provider prescribes warfarin PO without discontinuing the heparin. The client asks the nurse why both anticoagulants are necessary. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because warfarin takes several days to reach a therapeutic level and exert its full anticoagulant effect. During this time, the IV heparin is continued to prevent clotting until the warfarin is effective. Both medications are used together temporarily for this reason. Discontinuing heparin prematurely can increase the risk of clot formation. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the client that the IV heparin will be continued until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic level.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse notes a flushing of the neck and tachycardia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Decrease the infusion rate on the IV. When a client on IV vancomycin experiences flushing of the neck and tachycardia, these are signs of red man syndrome, an adverse reaction to vancomycin characterized by histamine release. Slowing down the infusion rate can help minimize these symptoms by reducing the rapid release of histamine. This action can alleviate the flushing and tachycardia, making it the most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation. Option A) Documenting an anaphylactic reaction is incorrect because the symptoms described are more indicative of red man syndrome, not an anaphylactic reaction. Option B) Changing the IV infusion site is unrelated to the symptoms presented and would not address the underlying issue of histamine release causing the flushing and tachycardia. Option D) Applying cold compresses to the neck area is not the recommended action for red man syndrome. Slowing down the infusion rate is the priority to manage the symptoms effectively. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of common medication reactions like red man syndrome is crucial for nurses administering medications. Knowing appropriate interventions based on these symptoms ensures safe and effective patient care. It highlights the importance of recognizing and responding promptly to adverse drug reactions to promote patient safety.
Question 4 of 5
A client with streptococcal pneumonia is receiving penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports itching at the IV site, dizziness, and shortness of breath. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the client is exhibiting signs of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction. The priority action for the nurse is to stop the infusion immediately to prevent further administration of the allergen and worsening symptoms. Once the infusion is stopped, the nurse can then proceed with additional interventions, such as calling the provider, assessing the client's respiratory status, and providing appropriate care as needed.
Question 5 of 5
Why does a nurse on an oncology unit verify a client's current cumulative lifetime dose of doxorubicin before administering it to a client with breast cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Verifying the client's current cumulative lifetime dose of doxorubicin is necessary because excessive amounts of the medication can lead to cardiomyopathy, a serious and potentially life-threatening side effect. By monitoring the cumulative dose, healthcare providers can help prevent cardiotoxicity and ensure patient safety during treatment.