ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 9
What is the therapeutic effect of Warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication commonly used to prevent and treat blood clots, specifically thromboembolic events. It works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation in blood vessels. Warfarin is often prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism to help prevent strokes, heart attacks, and other complications associated with blood clots. It is not used for suppressing seizure activity, causing laxative action, or relieving anginal attacks.
Question 2 of 9
What is the therapeutic effect of Warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication commonly used to prevent and treat blood clots, specifically thromboembolic events. It works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation in blood vessels. Warfarin is often prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism to help prevent strokes, heart attacks, and other complications associated with blood clots. It is not used for suppressing seizure activity, causing laxative action, or relieving anginal attacks.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV heparin therapy for treatment of a pulmonary embolus. The patient is being converted to warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. The following questions relate nursing considerations when caring for this patient. Nursing considerations for conversion of IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy will include
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When converting a patient from IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, it is important to overlap the two therapies for at least 5 days. This is because warfarin takes time to reach its full anticoagulant effect, and the patient needs to be adequately anticoagulated during this transition period to prevent the risk of thrombosis. The INR should be closely monitored, and the IV heparin should be stopped once the INR is in the therapeutic range. Simply discontinuing IV heparin and starting oral warfarin immediately could result in a period of inadequate anticoagulation, which could be dangerous for the patient, especially when transitioning from treatment for a pulmonary embolus.
Question 4 of 9
A patient has been started on therapy of a continuous infusion of lidocaine after receiving a loading dose of the drug. The nurse will monitor the patient for which adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic drug that can lead to central nervous system (CNS) toxicity when given in excessive doses. Symptoms of lidocaine toxicity include drowsiness, confusion, visual disturbances, muscle twitching, seizures, and, in severe cases, cardiovascular collapse. Among the options provided, convulsions are the most concerning adverse effect associated with lidocaine toxicity. It is essential for the nurse to closely monitor the patient for any signs or symptoms of CNS toxicity and promptly report any concerning findings to the healthcare provider to prevent potentially serious complications.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is monitoring for adverse effects in a patient who is receiving an amiodarone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adverse effects of amiodarone include QT prolongation and gray coloring of the skin on the face, arms, and neck.
Question 6 of 9
The process by which a gas is released in a certain substance when added with water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "effervescent" refers to the process of a gas being released from a substance when added to water. This is commonly observed when certain tablets or powders are added to water, resulting in the production of bubbles or fizz. Mucilage refers to a thick, sticky substance, while spirits typically refer to alcoholic beverages. Collyria are eye drops, and collodion is a solution used in photography and medicine. Therefore, the correct term for the described process is "effervescent."
Question 7 of 9
Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while saving K+ and Hydrogen ions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which belongs to the aldosterone receptor antagonists. It works by inhibiting aldosterone activity in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. By blocking aldosterone, Spironolactone allows for increased excretion of sodium while retaining potassium and hydrogen ions, making it a suitable choice for patients who need to maintain potassium levels or are at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 8 of 9
A patient is scheduled to receive high-dose cyclophosphamide via an intravenous infusion as treatment for cancer. Which will be most important for the nurse to include when teaching the patient about cyclophosphamide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, a serious side effect resulting from the irritation of the bladder lining by its metabolites. To prevent this, patients must maintain high fluid intake (at least 2 liters per day) to dilute the urine and flush out the bladder. While emptying the bladder regularly is important, it is secondary to ensuring adequate hydration. Limiting fluid intake is contraindicated, as it increases the risk of bladder toxicity. An indwelling urinary catheter is not routinely required unless the patient has urinary retention.
Question 9 of 9
A 13-month-old child recently arrived in the United States from a foreign country with his parents and needs childhood immunizations. His mother reports that he is allergic to eggs. Upon further questioning, you determine that the allergy to eggs is anaphylaxis. Which of the following vaccines should he not receive?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The MMR vaccine is cultured in chick embryo fibroblasts and may contain trace amounts of egg protein, posing a risk to individuals with severe egg allergies. Hepatitis B, inactivated polio, and DTaP vaccines do not contain egg proteins and are safe for this child. Precautions should be taken, and the vaccine should be administered under medical supervision if absolutely necessary.