ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the therapeutic effect of Warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication commonly used to prevent and treat blood clots, specifically thromboembolic events. It works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation in blood vessels. Warfarin is often prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism to help prevent strokes, heart attacks, and other complications associated with blood clots. It is not used for suppressing seizure activity, causing laxative action, or relieving anginal attacks.
Question 2 of 5
The process by which a gas is released in a certain substance when added with water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "effervescent" refers to the process of a gas being released from a substance when added to water. This is commonly observed when certain tablets or powders are added to water, resulting in the production of bubbles or fizz. Mucilage refers to a thick, sticky substance, while spirits typically refer to alcoholic beverages. Collyria are eye drops, and collodion is a solution used in photography and medicine. Therefore, the correct term for the described process is "effervescent."
Question 3 of 5
The primary beneficial action of epinephrine when performing root end surgery is which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine primarily acts on beta1 adrenergic receptors in the alveolar mucosa during root end surgery. This results in vasoconstriction, which reduces bleeding in the surgical field by constricting blood vessels. With decreased bleeding, the surgical site becomes clearer, allowing for better visualization and manipulation during the procedure. Additionally, epinephrine may also prolong the duration of anesthesia by reducing systemic uptake of the local anesthetic solution, thus enhancing its effect locally.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is scheduled to receive high-dose cyclophosphamide via an intravenous infusion as treatment for cancer. Which will be most important for the nurse to include when teaching the patient about cyclophosphamide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, a serious side effect resulting from the irritation of the bladder lining by its metabolites. To prevent this, patients must maintain high fluid intake (at least 2 liters per day) to dilute the urine and flush out the bladder. While emptying the bladder regularly is important, it is secondary to ensuring adequate hydration. Limiting fluid intake is contraindicated, as it increases the risk of bladder toxicity. An indwelling urinary catheter is not routinely required unless the patient has urinary retention.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse receives a stat order to administer 50% dextrose solution intravenously to a 1-year-old child with hypoglycemia. How should this drug best be prepared for safe administration to the child?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering 50% dextrose solution directly to a 1-year-old child is unsafe due to the risk of hyperosmolar injury to veins and tissues. Diluting it 1:1 with sterile water reduces the concentration to 25%, making it safer for pediatric administration. Using a filter needle (A) or tuberculin syringe (B) is not necessary for this preparation. Shaking the solution (D) is inappropriate and could introduce air bubbles.