what is the therapeutic e昀昀ects of FUROSEMIDE:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic medication that works in the loop of Henle in the kidneys to increase the excretion of water and electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. Its therapeutic effects include increasing the production of urine, reducing fluid retention, and lowering blood pressure. Due to its diuretic properties, furosemide is commonly prescribed for conditions such as edema (fluid retention) associated with congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs that primarily work by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces the activity of nerve cells, resulting in a calming effect on the central nervous system. By increasing GABA activity, benzodiazepines help reduce feelings of anxiety and produce sedation or relaxation. This is why the correct answer is that all benzodiazepines reduce anxiety and produce sedation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fibrinolytic drugs act by promoting the breakdown of blood clots or thrombi. These drugs activate plasminogen, which is present in the blood, to form plasmin. Plasmin is an enzyme that directly breaks down fibrin, the main protein in blood clots, thus dissolving the clot and facilitating the restoration of blood flow in the affected area. This mechanism of action helps in treating conditions such as acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) and ischemic stroke, where rapid clot dissolution is crucial to prevent tissue damage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) 2 tsp. The liquid preparation of K penicillin V contains 125mg/5ml, which means there is 125mg of medication in every 5ml of the solution. If the prescribed dose is 250mg, the patient would need to take 10ml of the solution to achieve the desired dose. Option A is incorrect because it does not provide any measurement reference, making it an incomplete response. Option B, 1 tsp, is incorrect because 1 teaspoon is equivalent to 5ml, which is half of the required dose (125mg). Option D, 1 tbsp, is also incorrect as 1 tablespoon is equivalent to 15ml, which is more than the required dose. This question reinforces the importance of dosage calculations and medication administration accuracy in pharmacology. It tests the student's ability to convert between different units of measurement (mg to ml) and select the appropriate dosage volume for a specific prescribed amount. Understanding these calculations is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure precise medication delivery and patient safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis, so periodic eye examinations are essential. Taking medications with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Antacids should be avoided as they can interfere with drug absorption. Numbness and tingling of the hands or feet may indicate peripheral neuropathy, a side effect of isoniazid, and should be reported promptly.