ATI RN
ATI Intro to Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the therapeutic action of Phenytoin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used in the treatment of seizures, including tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, complex partial seizures, and seizures occurring during neurosurgery. It works by stabilizing the excitable cell membranes in the brain, thereby reducing abnormal electrical activity that can lead to seizures. Phenytoin is not used as an antidiabetic, mood stabilizer, or antianxiety agent.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is managing the care of a group of patients with schizophrenia. The patients are receiving conventional antipsychotic medications. When assessing for anticholinergic side effects, which would the nurse immediately report to the physician?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conventional antipsychotics like haloperidol have anticholinergic effects, including dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. Urinary retention is a medical emergency if severe, risking bladder damage or infection, requiring immediate physician reporting. Acute dystonia is an extrapyramidal side effect, not anticholinergic, though urgent. Severe headache could indicate various issues but isn't a typical anticholinergic effect. Hypertension isn't directly linked to anticholinergic action (hypotension is more common). The nurse prioritizes urinary retention due to its potential for rapid complications, aligning with anticholinergic pharmacology, making choice D the most critical to report.
Question 3 of 5
A patient arrives in the emergency department with severe chest pain. The patient reports that the pain has been occurring off and on for a week now. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for cautious use of nitrates and nitrites?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A patient arriving in the emergency department with severe chest pain and a history of episodic chest pain over the past week may be experiencing a myocardial infarction or other serious cardiac event. Nitrates and nitrites are commonly used to manage chest pain in such situations because they help dilate blood vessels, improve blood flow to the heart, and reduce the workload on the heart.
Question 4 of 5
What is the therapeutic use of metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. It works by helping to control blood sugar levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in the muscles. Therefore, the therapeutic use of metformin is in the maintenance of a person's blood glucose levels. While metformin can sometimes be associated with minor effects like gastrointestinal disturbances, it is not used to increase heart rate or decrease gastrointestinal secretions.
Question 5 of 5
While assessing a patient who is taking a beta blocker for angina, the nurse knows to monitor for which adverse effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta blockers work by blocking the action of beta-adrenergic receptors, resulting in a decreased heart rate. Bradycardia is a known adverse effect of beta blockers, and it is important for the nurse to monitor the patient's heart rate regularly while taking this medication, particularly for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. Nervousness, hypertension, and dry cough are not typically associated with beta blocker use.