ATI RN
Respiratory Pediatric Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the term for a small collection of blood that forms underneath the skull as a result of birth trauma?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding common conditions related to birth trauma is crucial for providing quality care. The correct term for a small collection of blood that forms underneath the skull due to birth trauma is A) Cephalhematoma. Cephalhematoma is a subperiosteal hemorrhage that does not cross suture lines and is usually reabsorbed over several weeks without treatment. This condition is distinct from other birth traumas like Caput succedaneum (B), which is swelling of soft tissues of the scalp that crosses suture lines and resolves within a few days. Subgaleal hemorrhage (C) involves blood collection between the galea aponeurosis and periosteum, potentially leading to significant blood loss and requiring prompt intervention. Intracranial hemorrhage (D) refers to bleeding within the skull, involving the brain or meninges, and can have serious consequences. Educationally, it is vital for pediatric nurses to differentiate between these conditions to provide accurate assessments, interventions, and education to families. Recognizing the characteristics and management of each condition ensures appropriate care and promotes positive health outcomes for infants.
Question 2 of 5
Despite popular belief, there is a rare type of hemophilia that affects women of childbearing age. Von Willebrand disease is the most common of the hereditary bleeding disorders and can affect males and females alike. It results from a factor VIII deficiency and platelet dysfunction. Although factor VIII levels rise naturally during pregnancy, there is an increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage from birth until 4 weeks postpartum as levels of von Willebrand factor (vWf) and factor VIII fall. The treatment that should be considered first for the client with von Willebrand disease who experiences a postpartum hemorrhage is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Desmopressin. Desmopressin is the first-line treatment for von Willebrand disease as it stimulates the release of von Willebrand factor (vWf) and factor VIII from storage sites in the body, thereby increasing their levels and improving clotting. This medication is particularly effective in type 1 von Willebrand disease, which is the most common and mildest form of the condition. Option B) Factor VIII concentrate is not the first-line treatment for von Willebrand disease. While factor VIII concentrate can be used in severe cases of the disease, desmopressin is preferred due to its effectiveness and lower risk of complications. Option C) Fresh frozen plasma contains various clotting factors, including von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, but it is not the first-line treatment for postpartum hemorrhage in von Willebrand disease. Desmopressin is more specific and targeted in increasing the deficient clotting factors. Option D) Platelet transfusion is not indicated for von Willebrand disease as the primary issue in this condition is a deficiency in von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, not platelets. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific treatments for different bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease, especially in the context of postpartum hemorrhage where quick and accurate interventions are essential to prevent complications and ensure the well-being of the mother. Understanding the appropriate use of medications like desmopressin can significantly impact patient outcomes and safety.
Question 3 of 5
Which child is at highest risk for requiring hospitalization to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) A 2-month-old who was born at 36 weeks. The educational rationale behind this is that premature infants, especially those born before 37 weeks, have underdeveloped immune systems and are at higher risk for severe respiratory infections like RSV. Being born at 36 weeks puts this infant at a higher risk for complications compared to the other options. Option B) A 16-month-old with a tracheostomy is at risk for respiratory issues, but the presence of a tracheostomy does not necessarily increase the risk of RSV compared to prematurity. Option C) An 18-month-old with a congenital heart defect is at risk for respiratory infections due to the heart condition, but the highest risk factor for severe RSV is prematurity. Option D) A 4-year-old who was born at 30 weeks is older and more developed than the 2-month-old, so the risk of severe RSV requiring hospitalization is lower. Educationally, understanding the risk factors for severe RSV in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses working in pediatric respiratory care. This knowledge helps nurses prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide preventive measures to reduce the impact of RSV on vulnerable populations, such as premature infants.
Question 4 of 5
When Sarah was 4 months old and had already been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, her parents were learning about interventions they needed to incorporate into her daily routine to promote her best help. One of the questions they had was when to begin Sarah's first chest physiotherapy (CPT) of each day. The nurse's best response would be:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is "C) Thirty minutes after feeding your child breakfast." This timing is important in pediatric cystic fibrosis management as it allows for digestion to occur, reducing the risk of regurgitation or aspiration during chest physiotherapy (CPT). Performing CPT too close to feeding can lead to discomfort or vomiting. Option A is incorrect because performing CPT before feeding may cause discomfort due to pressure on the full stomach. Option B is incorrect as deep-suctioning is a separate intervention and not directly related to timing of CPT. Option D is incorrect as CPT is a preventive maintenance therapy in cystic fibrosis, not solely for treating symptoms like congestion or coughing. In an educational context, understanding the timing and rationale behind interventions in pediatric cystic fibrosis management is crucial for optimal health outcomes. Educating parents on the proper timing of CPT helps them integrate it effectively into their child's daily routine, promoting airway clearance and overall respiratory health.
Question 5 of 5
What is the primary purpose of a cardiac catheterization in pediatric patients?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pediatric patients, the primary purpose of a cardiac catheterization is to evaluate heart defects (Option C). This procedure involves inserting a thin tube called a catheter into a blood vessel and guiding it to the heart to assess its structure and function. The correct answer is C because cardiac catheterization allows healthcare providers to directly visualize the heart chambers, valves, and blood vessels, helping to diagnose congenital heart defects, assess cardiac function, measure blood flow, and determine the need for further interventions like surgery or medication. Option A, diagnosing respiratory infections, is incorrect as this procedure is not used for respiratory issues but specifically for evaluating heart conditions. Option B, treating ear infections, is also incorrect as cardiac catheterization is unrelated to the treatment of ear infections. Option D, assessing kidney function, is incorrect because while kidney function may be indirectly impacted by heart conditions, cardiac catheterization is not the primary method for assessing kidney function. In an educational context, understanding the purpose of cardiac catheterization in pediatric patients is crucial for pediatric nurses specializing in respiratory care. It allows nurses to grasp the significance of this procedure in diagnosing and managing heart conditions in children, equipping them with the knowledge to provide comprehensive care to pediatric patients with cardiac issues.