What is the term for a slow, deep inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth before a contraction for preparation and after a contraction for release of tension from the contraction?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cleansing breath. This technique involves slow, deep inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth to release tension. Pursed-lip breathing (A) is used for managing shortness of breath. Panting (B) is rapid, shallow breathing. Chanting (C) involves rhythmic speaking or singing. Cleansing breath (D) fits the description best as it focuses on deep, intentional breathing for relaxation and release of tension before and after a contraction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because encouraging frequent position changes can help alleviate discomfort during labor by reducing pressure on certain areas and promoting better circulation. This also helps with the progression of labor. Choice A (Offer her an epidural) may be a valid option, but it should not be the first line of intervention for all laboring individuals. Choice C (Explain that she has to care for two other persons) is irrelevant and may increase anxiety. Choice D (Tell them to call someone to come sit with them) does not address the physical discomfort and is not a direct intervention to support the laboring person.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilute before IV administration. Promethazine is a vesicant and can cause tissue damage if not properly diluted before IV administration. Diluting the medication helps reduce the risk of phlebitis and tissue irritation. Administering it subcutaneously (A) can cause pain and irritation at the injection site. Administering with an opioid (B) can increase the risk of respiratory depression. Administering promethazine in first stage labor (D) is generally safe, but diluting before IV administration is still necessary to prevent adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because nitrous oxide does not affect respiration like an opiate would. Nitrous oxide is a safe option for pain relief during labor because it does not depress the respiratory system. It is self-administered by the laboring person and does not require assistance from the partner. Choices A and B are incorrect because nitrous oxide does not cause respiratory depression in the newborn or the laboring person. Choice D is incorrect because the laboring person holds the mask to their face themselves.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: renal damage. Spinal anesthesia affects the nervous system, not the kidneys. Hypotension and respiratory depression are common side effects due to vasodilation and decreased respiratory drive. Infection can occur due to the invasive nature of the procedure. Renal damage is not a known side effect of spinal anesthesia as it does not directly affect kidney function.