ATI RN
Review of Systems Neurological Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the term for a reflex that does not include a CNS component?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: short reflex. Short reflexes are reflex actions that do not involve the central nervous system (CNS) and occur entirely at the level of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These reflexes are mediated by local circuits within the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli without needing to involve the brain or spinal cord. A: long reflex - This term refers to reflexes that involve the CNS and typically have a more complex pathway than short reflexes. B: visceral reflex - This term describes reflexes involving internal organs and can involve both the CNS and PNS components. C: somatic reflex - This term refers to reflexes involving skeletal muscles and is generally mediated by the CNS.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these diseases results in meningitis caused by an encapsulated yeast?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cryptococcosis. The encapsulated yeast causing meningitis in this disease is Cryptococcus neoformans. This yeast has a unique capsule that allows it to evade the host immune system, leading to meningitis. Histoplasmosis (B) is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which is not encapsulated. Candidiasis (C) is caused by Candida species, which are not encapsulated yeasts. Coccidiomycosis (D) is caused by Coccidioides species, which are dimorphic fungi and not encapsulated yeasts.
Question 3 of 5
A 30-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has been very unsteady and has had difficulty in maintaining her balance. Which area of the brain that is related to these findings would concern the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in symptoms like unsteadiness and difficulty maintaining balance. The thalamus (A) is involved in relaying sensory and motor signals but is not directly related to balance. The brainstem (B) plays a role in basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, not balance. The extrapyramidal tract (D) is involved in regulating motor activities but is not primarily responsible for balance control.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder but is unconcerned about this problem. Which understanding should guide the nurse's planning for this patient? The patient is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is unconcerned about the blindness, indicating that the symptom is relieving anxiety. This is characteristic of conversion disorder where physical symptoms alleviate psychological distress. Other choices are incorrect because the patient is not necessarily suppressing feelings (A), not meeting needs through hospitalization (C), and not refusing to disclose fears (D).
Question 5 of 5
For a patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia, complete this outcome: Within 4 weeks, the patient will demonstrate an ability to execute complex mental processes by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia typically struggles with memory loss. By describing previously forgotten experiences, the patient demonstrates progress in accessing and processing their memories. This indicates improvement in their ability to execute complex mental processes. A - Functioning independently is too broad and does not directly address the cognitive aspect of dissociative amnesia. B - Verbalizing feelings of safety focuses more on emotional regulation rather than cognitive abilities. C - Regularly attending diversional activities may be beneficial for overall well-being but does not specifically target the core issue of memory impairment in dissociative amnesia.