What is the significance of progesterone in confirming ovulation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated progesterone levels confirm that ovulation has occurred. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation, supporting the uterine lining for potential implantation. Elevated progesterone levels indicate a functional corpus luteum, which only occurs after ovulation. Low progesterone levels do not indicate successful ovulation as they may suggest anovulation or inadequate luteal phase support. Progesterone levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, peaking post-ovulation. Progesterone testing is not only relevant during pregnancy but also in assessing ovulation and menstrual cycle health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because transferring multiple embryos during IVF increases the likelihood of multiple pregnancies, which can lead to complications for both the mother and babies, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. This is a well-documented risk in IVF procedures. Choice B is incorrect because overcrowding in the uterus does not reduce implantation rates; rather, it can increase the chances of successful implantation of the embryos. Choice C is incorrect as transferring multiple embryos does not guarantee improved success rates and can actually increase the risks associated with multiple pregnancies. Choice D is incorrect because while there is a slightly increased risk of genetic abnormalities in pregnancies resulting from IVF, the primary concern related to transferring multiple embryos is the increased risk of multiple pregnancies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Using ovulation predictor kits to detect the LH surge. This method is recommended because it directly detects the hormone surge that triggers ovulation, providing a reliable indication of the most fertile period for conception. Tracking cervical mucus changes only after ovulation (B) may not accurately predict the fertile window. Measuring basal body temperature in the evening (C) is less accurate than measuring it in the morning. Testing progesterone levels daily (D) is not a practical or necessary method for ovulation tracking.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Age is the primary factor influencing egg quality. As a tutor, I will explain this by stating that the quality of a woman's eggs declines with age due to factors like genetic abnormalities and decreased mitochondrial function. This decline can affect fertility and increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring. For the incorrect choices: B: Diet can impact egg quality by providing essential nutrients, so this choice is incorrect. C: Hormonal treatments may help with fertility but do not guarantee improvement in egg quality, making this choice incorrect. D: Exercise can contribute to overall health but is not the only way to enhance egg quality, making this choice incorrect. In summary, age is a crucial factor affecting egg quality, while diet, hormonal treatments, and exercise play roles but are not primary influencers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because antral follicle count (AFC) is a direct indicator of ovarian reserve, reflecting the number of small developing follicles in the ovaries. A higher AFC indicates a larger pool of potential eggs, suggesting better fertility potential. Other choices are incorrect as AFC specifically relates to ovarian health and not uterine health (A), hormonal imbalances (C), or male fertility (D).