ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the role of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To increase surface area for absorption. Villi and microvilli are tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine that greatly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. This increased surface area allows for more efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because villi and microvilli do not secrete digestive enzymes; rather, they facilitate absorption of nutrients already broken down by enzymes. Choice C is incorrect as villi and microvilli do not transport nutrients to the liver; they absorb nutrients into the bloodstream for circulation to various body tissues. Choice D is incorrect because villi and microvilli do not store excess nutrients; their primary function is absorption.
Question 2 of 5
A 72-yr-old male patient with dehydration caused by an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is receiving 5% dextrose in normal saline at 125 mL/hour. Which assessment finding by the nurse is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Patient has not voided for the last 2 hours. This is the most important assessment finding to report because it indicates potential acute kidney injury or renal failure, especially in a dehydrated patient. The lack of urine output suggests the kidneys are not functioning properly, which can lead to serious complications. A: Skin dryness and poor turgor are expected findings in a dehydrated patient and may improve with fluid resuscitation. C: Crackles heard halfway up the posterior chest may indicate fluid overload, but the lack of urine output is a more immediate concern. D: 5 loose stools over 6 hours can contribute to dehydration but is not as critical as the lack of urine output indicating potential renal issues.
Question 3 of 5
The following are true of the tongue except which one?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the tongue does not attach to the temporal bone. A is true as the tongue contains skeletal muscle. B is true as the tongue attaches to the hyoid bone. D is true as the tongue contains papillae for taste sensation. The tongue's attachment to the temporal bone is incorrect because it attaches to the hyoid bone and other muscles in the oral cavity for movement and function.
Question 4 of 5
Secretin from the duodenum causes the pancreas to produce secretions rich in _____.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secretin is released by the duodenum in response to acidic chyme. It stimulates the pancreas to produce bicarbonate-rich secretions to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine. Bicarbonate helps maintain the optimal pH for pancreatic enzymes to function effectively. Proteolytic enzymes, amylase, and lipase are pancreatic enzymes but are not specifically influenced by secretin.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following acts to inhibit acid production?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: somatostatin. Somatostatin inhibits acid production by blocking the release of gastrin and histamine, which stimulate acid secretion. Secretin (A) stimulates bicarbonate secretion, cholecystokinin (C) stimulates gallbladder contraction, and gastrin (D) stimulates acid secretion. Somatostatin directly inhibits acid secretion by acting on the parietal cells of the stomach.