ATI RN
Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the role of the colon in digestion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The colon's main role in digestion is the absorption of water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming feces. This process helps maintain body fluid balance. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Carbohydrates are primarily digested in the small intestine. C) Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aiding in fat digestion in the small intestine. D) Enzymes are secreted in the stomach and small intestine to aid in digestion, not in the colon.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is likely to fail to reduce secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an inhibitor of the hydrogen-potassium pump directly targets the mechanism responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. By inhibiting this pump, the production of acid is reduced. A H receptor blocker (choice A) and a muscarinic cholinergic receptor blocker (choice C) work by blocking specific receptors involved in stimulating acid secretion. A nicotinic cholinergic receptor blocker (choice B) blocks a different type of receptor that is not directly involved in regulating acid secretion. In summary, the inhibitor of the hydrogen-potassium pump (choice D) is the most direct and effective way to reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach compared to the other choices.
Question 3 of 5
If the submandibular salivary gland stops functioning:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the submandibular salivary gland is responsible for producing around 70-75% of total saliva, including amylase. If it stops functioning, there would be a severe deficiency of amylase, leading to impaired digestion of starches. Choice A is incorrect because the reduction in salivary secretion would be more significant than 20%. Choice D is incorrect as mucins are produced by other salivary glands and not solely by the submandibular gland.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following mismatches pancreatic enzyme with its function?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pro-carboxypeptidase is an inactive form of carboxypeptidase, which is involved in breaking down proteins. It is not a mismatch. A is correct as proteolytic enzymes indeed break down proteins. B is correct as amylase breaks down carbohydrates. C is correct as nuclease enzymes break down nucleic acids. Therefore, the mismatch is only seen in option D.
Question 5 of 5
Which is most characteristic of carcinoma of the cecum or right colon (in contrast to carcinoma of the rectum)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: anemia. Carcinoma of the cecum or right colon often presents with chronic blood loss, leading to iron deficiency anemia. This is due to the longer transit time in the right colon allowing for more time for blood to be lost and for the iron in the blood to be absorbed. Choices B, C, and D are less characteristic of carcinoma of the cecum or right colon. Polyposis is more commonly associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, bowel obstruction is more common in advanced stages regardless of location, and diarrhea is more commonly seen in rectal carcinomas due to irritation of the rectal mucosa.