What is the role of the CD3 complex?

Question 1 of 5

A. To recognize antigens B. To transport TCRs to the surface of T cells C. To signal the activation of T cells D.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: CD3 transmits activation signals in T cells ; antigen recognition is TCR's role, not transport .

Question 2 of 5

Antibodies interact with antigens in all of these ways except

A. opsonization B. attracting macrophages to the area (chemotaxis) C. releasing interferon D. agglutination

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Antibodies don't release interferon (C, from infected cells); they opsonize , attract macrophages , and agglutinate antigens.

Question 3 of 5

The best evidence supporting the concept of immunological memory is:

A. The increased numbers of antigen receptors expressed by lymphocytes after primary exposure to an antigen B. The increased levels of cytokines made by lymphocytes after primary exposure to an antigen C. The increased rapidity and magnitude of the secondary response to the same antigen D. The increased swelling of lymph nodes during the secondary response to the same antigen

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Memory is evidenced by faster, stronger secondary responses ; receptor numbers , cytokines , or swelling are less direct indicators.

Question 4 of 5

In recent years, several new vaccines have been developed that are made from purified viral surface proteins, rather than intact or live viruses. They are referred to as subunit vaccines. In order to generate a protective adaptive immune response to a subunit vaccine, the viral protein(s) must be mixed with an adjuvant. The adjuvant functions to:

A. Mimic the process of normal virus entry by binding to the host receptor and inducing receptor-mediated endocytosis B. Induce vascular permeability to promote the accumulation of fluid and serum proteins at the vaccine injection site C. Induce the production of chemotactic proteins that recruit neutrophils and then monocytes to the site of vaccine injection D. Stimulate dendritic cells to up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules and migrate to the regional lymph node

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adjuvants activate DCs for co-stimulation and lymph node migration ; not entry , permeability , or just chemotaxis .

Question 5 of 5

Empty MHC class I and MHC class II molecules are rapidly removed from the cell surface. This process prevents:

A. The accumulation of empty MHC molecules on the cell surface which would interfere with T cells recognizing pathogen-derived peptide:MHC complexes B. Pathogens from evading the immune response by inducing peptide release from cell surface MHC molecules C. MHC class I molecules from being internalized into endosomes and binding endosome-derived peptides D. HLA-DM from trafficking to the cell surface with MHC class II

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Empty MHC removal ensures pathogen peptide presentation; not evasion , endosomal binding , or HLA-DM .

What is the role of the CD3 complex?

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