ATI RN
Urinary System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the role of plain AXR in diagnosis of renal colic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plain AXR has marginal value in renal colic not cost-effective, replaced by non-contrast CT (~95% sensitivity). Always doing it wastes resources CT superior. Majority shown (~80%) still misses urate. Low sensitivity (~50-60%) is true but not the full reason CT rules. Marginal utility distinguishes it, key to modern imaging shift, unlike routine or partial truths.
Question 2 of 5
What is the cause of most common cause of death in pts with CRF?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac causes top CRF deaths accelerated atherosclerosis, fluid overload (e.g., CHF) from uremia, outstrip sepsis (immunosuppression), CVA (stroke), and malignancy (late risk). Cardiac predominance distinguishes it, key to CRF mortality, unlike infection or other complications.
Question 3 of 5
A 60-year-old male with history of benign prostatic hypertrophy presents complaining of nausea and vomiting. Laboratory values include serum Na of 145 mmol/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 45 mg/dL, creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL, urine Na of 10, and urine creatinine of 80. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal failure fits BUN:creatinine >20:1 (22.5), urine Na <20 (10), high urine:serum creatinine (>40:1), dehydration from vomiting/BPH obstruction. ATN shows FENa >1, urine Na >40 tubular damage. Glomerulonephritis has casts absent here. Postrenal (BPH) raises creatinine more obstruction incomplete. Prerenal markers distinguish it, key to hypoperfusion diagnosis, unlike intrinsic or obstructive patterns.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following substances cause urinary retention EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta-blockers don't cause retention may relax detrusor (e.g., opposite alpha-agonists), unlike methamphetamines/ephedrine (sympathomimetic, sphincter tone) and cogentin (anticholinergic, detrusor inhibition). Lack of retention distinguishes beta-blockers, key to drug effects, unlike obstructive agents.
Question 5 of 5
Juxtaglomerular cells are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells secrete renin, not mesangial (support), phagocytic, lacis (extraglomerular), or Na-sensitive (macula densa). This identifies JG cells' role in RAAS, critical for blood pressure regulation, contrasting with other glomerular components' functions.