ATI RN
Basic Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the immune system, understanding the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression is crucial. Angiogenesis refers to the process of forming new blood vessels, which is essential for tumor growth and progression. Option C, "Supports tumor growth by forming new blood vessels," is the correct answer because angiogenesis allows tumors to establish a blood supply, providing them with nutrients and oxygen necessary for their growth and metastasis. Option A, "Promotes tumor shrinkage," is incorrect because angiogenesis actually supports tumor growth rather than shrinkage. Option B, "Prevents metastasis," is also incorrect as angiogenesis facilitates the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body by providing a route for them to travel through the blood vessels. Option D, "Reduces oxygen supply to the tumor," is incorrect because angiogenesis actually increases the oxygen supply to the tumor by creating new blood vessels. Educationally, understanding the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression is essential for pharmacology students as it can impact the development of anti-angiogenic drugs that target this process to inhibit tumor growth. By grasping this concept, students can appreciate the significance of targeting angiogenesis as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a pH of 7.29 has metabolic acidosis. Which value is useful in determining whether the cause of the acidosis is an acid gain or a bicarbonate loss?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Bicarbonate level. In the context of metabolic acidosis, determining whether the cause is due to an acid gain or bicarbonate loss is crucial for appropriate treatment. The bicarbonate level directly reflects the presence of metabolic acidosis. If the bicarbonate level is low, it indicates a primary loss of bicarbonate, leading to metabolic acidosis. On the other hand, if the bicarbonate level is normal or high, it suggests the addition of acid is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis. A) PaCO2: PaCO2 is more indicative of respiratory status rather than metabolic acidosis. In metabolic acidosis, the kidneys compensate by adjusting bicarbonate levels, not the respiratory system. B) Anion gap: Anion gap is useful in determining the cause of metabolic acidosis but does not differentiate between acid gain or bicarbonate loss. It helps classify the type of metabolic acidosis (high anion gap or normal anion gap). C) Serum Na+ level: Serum sodium levels are not specific indicators of metabolic acidosis or its underlying cause. They are more relevant in conditions like hyponatremia or hypernatremia. Educational Context: Understanding the interpretation of laboratory values in metabolic acidosis is fundamental in pharmacology and clinical practice. It aids healthcare professionals in making accurate diagnoses and providing appropriate interventions. By grasping the significance of each parameter, such as bicarbonate levels in this case, students can develop critical thinking skills essential for managing acid-base disorders effectively.
Question 3 of 5
T-cell receptors or antibodies react with antigens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because T-cell receptors and antibodies recognize antigens through complementary molecular fit. This interaction is based on the specific shape of the antigen-binding site on the receptor or antibody matching the shape of the antigen. This molecular complementarity allows for strong and specific binding between the antigen and the receptor/antibody. Choices A and C are incorrect as the presence of lymphocytes or specific polypeptide chains alone does not explain the mechanism of antigen recognition. Choice D is incorrect because histamine release is not directly related to the interaction between T-cell receptors or antibodies with antigens.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements best characterizes an antibody?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D: 1. Antibodies are composed mainly of proteins, specifically immunoglobulins. 2. Antibodies are synthesized in response to foreign proteins or polysaccharides, known as antigens. 3. This process involves B cells recognizing antigens and producing antibodies. 4. The statement accurately reflects the nature of antibody structure and synthesis. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Antibodies do not contain RNA as their basic structure; they are primarily composed of proteins. B: Antibodies can be distinguished from albumin fraction as they have specific functions in the immune system. C: Antibodies consist of two heavy and two light chains, not four identical protein subunits, and are not typically dissociated by urea.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who works as a legal secretary. The patient asks the nurse about ways to avoid developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Which action should the nurse suggest?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Acquire a pad to support your wrists while typing." This is the best option as wrist supports can help maintain neutral wrist positioning, reducing strain on the median nerve and decreasing the risk of developing CTS. A: "Exercise your wrists with repetitive flexion movements nightly." - This can actually worsen the symptoms of CTS by putting more strain on the wrists. B: "Wrap your wrists with elastic bandages." - Elastic bandages do not provide the necessary support and may restrict blood flow. D: "Apply warm compresses to wrists every evening." - While warm compresses can provide temporary relief for symptoms, they do not address the underlying cause of CTS.