What is the role of a nurse during the scratch test to detect allergies?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the immune system, the correct answer to the question "What is the role of a nurse during the scratch test to detect allergies?" is option B) Measuring the length and width of the raised wheal. Rationale: A) Applying the liquid test antigen: While applying the liquid test antigen is a step in the scratch test procedure, this task is usually performed by a healthcare provider (such as a nurse or allergist) who is trained to conduct the test accurately. Nurses typically assist in preparing the materials and providing support during the test. C) Determining the type of allergy: The nurse's role during a scratch test is primarily focused on assisting with the test procedure itself rather than making diagnostic decisions. Determining the type of allergy is the responsibility of the healthcare provider interpreting the test results. D) Documenting the findings: Documenting the findings is an essential part of the nursing role, but in the context of a scratch test, the immediate focus is on accurately measuring the wheal size to assist in diagnosing allergies. Educational context: The scratch test, also known as a skin prick test, is a common method used to detect allergies by exposing the patient's skin to small amounts of allergens and observing the body's reaction. Measuring the length and width of the raised wheal accurately is crucial in interpreting the test results and identifying potential allergens. Nurses play a vital role in supporting the healthcare provider conducting the test and ensuring that the procedure is carried out correctly. By understanding their responsibilities during the scratch test, nurses can contribute to accurate allergy diagnosis and patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient is showing signs of anaphylaxis,a life-threatening allergic reaction. The first priority is to administer epinephrine which acts quickly to reverse the symptoms by constricting blood vessels relaxing airway muscles and increasing heart rate. Oxygen and IV access are important but secondary to the immediate administration of epinephrine. Albuterol may be used for bronchospasm but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most important information to communicate to the physician is option A, "The patient has chronic nausea and vomiting." This is crucial because interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) is known to cause significant gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea and vomiting. This information could indicate a potential adverse reaction to the medication that needs immediate attention to prevent further complications. Option B, "The patient is giving the medication by the IM route to her lateral thigh," is not as critical to communicate to the physician at this point because the route of administration is generally less concerning compared to the presence of alarming symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Option C, "The patient has a temperature of 99.7°F orally," while indicating a mild fever, is not as urgent as chronic nausea and vomiting, which could be signs of a serious adverse drug reaction. Option D, "The patient complains of chronic fatigue, muscle aches, and anorexia," though important to monitor as potential side effects of interferon therapy, are not as acute as chronic nausea and vomiting which require immediate attention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and prioritizing side effects of medications, especially in the context of chronic diseases like hepatitis C where treatment compliance and monitoring for adverse reactions are crucial for patient safety and treatment efficacy. It also underscores the significance of prompt communication with healthcare providers when concerning symptoms arise during therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, the primary mode of treatment is physical therapy (Option C). Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing inflammation and stiffness. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing this condition by improving flexibility, strength, and posture. It helps to reduce pain, improve mobility, and prevent further complications associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Option A, relaxed posture for comfort, may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issues of stiffness and reduced mobility associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Option B, strict bed rest, is not recommended as it can lead to muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and worsen the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Option D, respiratory therapy, is not the primary mode of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis as it focuses on improving lung function, which is not the primary concern in this condition. Educationally, it is essential for students to understand the specific treatment modalities for different conditions to provide optimal care to patients. Understanding the rationale behind each option helps reinforce the importance of evidence-based practice in pharmacology and healthcare. By learning the correct treatment approaches, students can effectively contribute to the management and improvement of patients' health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a patient with leukocytosis with a shift to the left, the correct answer is D) The demand for neutrophils causes the release of immature neutrophils from the bone marrow. This finding indicates an increase in the number of neutrophils, including immature forms known as bands, in response to an infection or inflammatory process. The bone marrow releases immature neutrophils to meet the heightened demand for infection-fighting cells. Option A) The complement system activation enhances phagocytosis, which is true but not specifically related to the scenario of leukocytosis with a left shift. Option B) Monocytes being released in larger amounts is incorrect because monocytes are not typically associated with a left shift in leukocytosis. Option C) Inadequate response to cellular injury leading to tissue damage is not directly related to the phenomenon of leukocytosis with a left shift. Understanding the significance of a left shift in leukocytosis is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to identify and appropriately manage infections and inflammatory conditions. Recognizing the underlying physiological processes contributing to this hematological response aids in accurate clinical assessment and treatment decisions.