What is the reaction of the body to high threshold mechanoreceptor?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: High threshold mechanoreceptors are a type of sensory receptor that responds to intense mechanical stimulation, such as pressure or stretching. When these receptors are activated, they can trigger a cascade of events leading to the release of endogenous opioids, which are natural pain-relieving compounds. The activation of high threshold mechanoreceptors ultimately leads to analgesia, a decreased sensitivity to pain. This is a protective mechanism that helps the body cope with potentially harmful stimuli by reducing the perception of pain.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents have an advantage over the nonselective beta-blockers in some cases. Because they do not usually block beta2-receptor sites, they do not block the sympathetic bronchodilation that is so important for patients with lung diseases or allergic rhinitis. Consequently, these drugs are preferred for patients who smoke or who have asthma, any other obstructive pulmonary disease, or seasonal or allergic rhinitis. Nonselective adrenergic blocking agents block both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors exacerbating respiratory conditions by the loss of norepinephrine’s effect of bronchodilation. Nonselective alpha-adrenergic blocking agents are not used to treat angina. Alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agents are not used to treat angina. The nurse should consider the patient’s medical history when selecting adrenergic blocking agents to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allopurinol is a medication used to manage gout and hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in uric acid production. One of the rare but serious side effects of allopurinol is ocular toxicity, which can lead to cataracts or other vision problems. Therefore, patients on allopurinol should have annual eye examinations to monitor for any changes in vision. Additionally, while dietary modifications and vitamin C intake can influence uric acid levels, the most critical teaching point is the need for regular eye exams to ensure early detection and management of potential ocular side effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alendronate must be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water to ensure proper absorption and to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation. The patient should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to prevent gastrointestinal side effects. Taking it with meals or at bedtime can reduce its effectiveness and increase the risk of adverse effects.