What is the rationale for the nurse's questions regarding a nonpregnant young woman diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Clients with BV can become infected with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections more easily than uninfected women. This is the rationale for the nurse's questions regarding a nonpregnant young woman diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the implications of bacterial vaginosis beyond just the immediate symptoms. BV can disrupt the normal vaginal flora, making women more susceptible to other infections, including HIV and other STIs. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to assess the client's risk factors and provide appropriate education and interventions to prevent further complications. Option A is incorrect because while clients with BV can potentially infect their sexual partners, this is not the primary concern when assessing a nonpregnant young woman diagnosed with BV. Option B is incorrect as it is not a legal requirement for the nurse to ask questions in this context. Option D is incorrect because while a full client history is important for testing and treatment, the primary concern in this scenario is the increased susceptibility to HIV and other STIs in clients with BV.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis is characterized by a foul-smelling, yellow-green vaginal discharge accompanied by vaginal pain and dyspareunia. This infection is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis and is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among women. Option A) Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and does not typically present with the symptoms described in the question. Syphilis presents with painless sores or ulcers. Option B) Herpes simplex is caused by the herpes simplex virus and presents with painful blisters or sores in the genital area, rather than the specific discharge described. Option D) Condylomata acuminata, also known as genital warts, is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and presents with flesh-colored growths in the genital area, not the specific discharge and symptoms associated with trichomoniasis. Educationally, understanding the characteristic symptoms of common STIs is crucial for nurses working in maternal newborn health. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of various infections allows for prompt diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving outcomes for both the mother and newborn. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about safe sex practices, STI prevention, and the importance of seeking medical care if symptoms arise.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a woman diagnosed with primary syphilis, the nurse would expect to see a pain-free lesion, which is the correct answer (B). This lesion, known as a chancre, is typically firm, round, and painless. It is usually located at the site of infection, often on the genitals or mouth. Option A, a cluster of vesicles, is more indicative of conditions like herpes simplex virus, not syphilis. Option C, a macular rash, is more commonly associated with secondary syphilis, not the primary stage. Option D, foul-smelling discharge, is not a typical finding in primary syphilis. Educationally, understanding the physical findings associated with primary syphilis is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and education to patients. Recognizing the characteristic painless lesion can prompt timely diagnosis and treatment, preventing the progression of the disease to more severe stages. Nurses play a vital role in educating individuals about sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis, to promote prevention and early intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: "Since my partner and I are both HIV positive, we use a condom." Explanation: Option C demonstrates an understanding of HIV transmission prevention. In cases where both partners are HIV positive, consistent condom use is still crucial to prevent reinfection with different strains of the virus and to reduce the risk of other sexually transmitted infections. This approach aligns with current guidelines to promote safer sexual practices and protect individuals' health. Why the other options are incorrect: A) Option A is incorrect because with appropriate medical care, including antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced to as low as 1% or less. B) Option B is incorrect because checking viral load and antibody levels every day is unnecessary and not a standard recommendation. Regular monitoring as per healthcare provider's guidance is important, but daily monitoring is not practical or indicated. D) Option D is incorrect because while oral sex carries a lower risk of HIV transmission compared to unprotected vaginal or anal sex, there is still a risk involved. Using condoms consistently and correctly is recommended for all types of sexual activity. Educational context: Understanding the nuances of HIV care and prevention is crucial in maternal newborn nursing. Educating individuals about safe sexual practices, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and regular medical monitoring are essential components of care for women living with HIV during pregnancy and beyond. Promoting accurate information and dispelling myths about HIV transmission are key aspects of providing comprehensive care to this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In counseling about Gardasil, the correct answer is C) The most common side effect from the vaccine is pain at the injection site. This information is crucial to prepare individuals for a common, expected reaction to the vaccine. Understanding this common side effect can alleviate fears and misconceptions about the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. Option A is incorrect because Gardasil is recommended for women regardless of their sexual activity status, as it can still provide protection against HPV strains they may not have been exposed to. Option B is incorrect because Gardasil protects against specific strains of HPV, not all strains. It is important to clarify this to ensure accurate information is provided during counseling. Option D is incorrect because being allergic to eggs is not a contraindication for receiving the Gardasil vaccine. This misconception could prevent individuals from getting vaccinated unnecessarily. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare professionals to provide accurate and comprehensive information about vaccines to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health. Counseling on vaccines like Gardasil should include details on common side effects, efficacy, target population, and any contraindications to ensure individuals have a clear understanding of the benefits and risks associated with vaccination.