Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing frequent mouth care to Mr. Franco is important to remove dried blood when the tongue is bitten during a seizure. This is crucial for preventing infection and promoting oral hygiene. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary reason for mouth care in this case is to address the physical consequences of a seizure, such as tongue biting and potential injury, rather than thirst, tactile stimulation, or prevention of oral mucosal issues related to mouth breathing in a comatose patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased urine osmolarity. In hyperglycemia, the body tries to eliminate excess glucose through increased urine output, causing a concentrated urine with high osmolarity. This indicates fluid deficit. Cool, clammy skin (A) may suggest poor perfusion but not fluid volume deficit. Distended neck veins (C) are more indicative of fluid overload. Serum sodium level (D) may be elevated in fluid deficit but does not directly assess volume status like urine osmolarity does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a disease process involving the sacral plexus can impact bladder function (choice A), sexual activity (choice B), and bowel management (choice C). The sacral plexus is responsible for innervating pelvic organs and lower limb muscles, so dysfunction in this area can lead to issues in these functions. Bladder problems can manifest as urinary retention or incontinence, sexual activity may be affected due to changes in sensation or muscle control, and bowel management can be disrupted leading to constipation or incontinence. Therefore, assessing all these areas is crucial to understand the full impact of the disease process on the individual's quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because wearing gloves during all client contact is a key practice in standard precautions to prevent the spread of infection. Gloves act as a barrier to protect both the healthcare worker and the patient from potential pathogens. Choice B is incorrect as cleaning blood spills with soap and water is not sufficient for infection control. Choice C is incorrect because pouring bulk blood and secretions down a drain is a violation of biohazard disposal protocols. Choice D is incorrect as carrying a blood sample in an open basket can lead to potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Being in crowds during the periods of immunosuppression. Clients with autoimmune disorders have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Being in crowds increases the risk of exposure to various pathogens, potentially leading to infections. Avoiding crowds during periods of immunosuppression helps minimize the risk of infections. A: Resting during the periods of severe exacerbation is important for managing symptoms and conserving energy, but it is not specifically related to avoiding triggers for autoimmune disorders. B: Regular exercise during the periods of remission is beneficial for overall health and can help manage autoimmune disorders, as long as it is appropriate and not excessive. D: Humid environments during the periods of remission do not directly impact autoimmune disorders unless the individual has a specific sensitivity to humidity.