What is the purpose of central tolerance induction

Question 1 of 5

What is the purpose of central tolerance induction in the thymus?

A. To train T cells to attack foreign cells only B. To train T cells to recognize self MHC molecules and not attack our own body cells C. To train T cells to recognize self MHC molecules and attack our own body cells D. To train B cells to produce antibodies against foreign antigens

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Central tolerance ensures T cells recognize self-MHC without attacking self ; not just foreign , not attack self , not B cells .

Question 2 of 5

Lymph nodes function as meeting points between antigen-bearing dendritic cells arriving from the tissue and recirculating B and T lymphocytes. Whereas the dendritic cells coming from the tissue enter the lymph node via the afferent lymphatic vessels, the recirculating lymphocytes enter the lymph node:

A. Also from the lymph fluid draining the tissue B. Directly from their primary lymphoid organ where they develop C. From the blood by crossing the high endothelial venules D. By being trapped in the lymphoid follicle by resident macrophages

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lymphocytes enter lymph nodes via blood through high endothelial venules ; not lymph , primary organs , or trapping .

Question 3 of 5

Stimulation of the nucleic acid sensing TLRs that reside in endosomal membranes induces the production of a different cytokine response than is produced by stimulation of the plasma membrane TLRs. In part, this distinction is based on the different adapter proteins used by the nucleic acid sensing TLRs, leading to the activation of IRF factors. The cytokine response following stimulation of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs is characterized by production of:

A. The antiviral cytokine, type I interferon B. TNF-Î±, which induces increased vascular permeability C. Antimicrobial peptides by macrophages D. Chemokines that recruit neutrophils

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endosomal TLRs (e.g., TLR-3/7/9) produce type I interferon via IRF; TNF-Î± , peptides , or chemokines are plasma TLR-related.

Question 4 of 5

The mechanism of cross-presentation by dendritic cells is an essential pathway for generating CD8 T cell responses to some intracellular pathogens. If this pathway did not exist, we would be highly susceptible to:

A. Intracellular pathogens that can survive inside macrophage endocytic vesicles B. Intracellular pathogens that are able to evade antibody responses C. Intracellular pathogens that do not infect and replicate in dendritic cells D. Intracellular pathogens that can spread from cell to cell by inducing cell fusion

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cross-presentation targets pathogens not infecting DCs ; macrophages , evasion , or fusion are less specific.

Question 5 of 5

Acquired immunity is a result of previous exposure

A. serious illness B. to vaccination C. repeated exposure to the same factor D. treatment with penicillin

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acquired immunity develops from prior exposure, such as through vaccination, which stimulates the immune system to remember pathogens.

What is the purpose of central tolerance induction in the thymus?

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