What is the purpose of a saline sonohysterogram in infertility evaluation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, to visualize the uterine cavity for abnormalities. A saline sonohysterogram is a diagnostic procedure that involves injecting saline into the uterus and performing an ultrasound to assess the uterine cavity for abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or adhesions. This helps in identifying potential causes of infertility related to uterine issues. A: Assessing ovarian function and reserve is typically done through blood tests and ultrasound imaging, not a saline sonohysterogram. C: Monitoring hormone levels in real-time is usually done through blood tests, not imaging procedures like a saline sonohysterogram. D: Detecting genetic abnormalities in embryos is typically done through preimplantation genetic testing or genetic screening, not a saline sonohysterogram.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because tubal factor infertility is primarily due to blockages or damage in the fallopian tubes, which can prevent the egg from meeting the sperm for fertilization. Blockages can result from infections, surgeries, or conditions like endometriosis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries, previous infections or surgeries, and impacts on natural conception are not the primary causes of tubal factor infertility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress, which is beneficial for both egg and sperm quality in fertility. Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, protecting reproductive cells from damage. Choice A is incorrect because antioxidants benefit both male and female fertility. Choice C is incorrect as antioxidants do not guarantee successful fertilization and implantation, but they can support the process. Choice D is incorrect as antioxidants do play a role in reproductive health by improving fertility outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress can improve hormonal balance and ovulation, leading to increased fertility. Healthy lifestyle choices positively impact reproductive health by regulating menstrual cycles and promoting optimal conditions for conception. Eliminating all carbohydrates (choice C) is not necessary and can be harmful as the body needs a balanced diet. Exercise (choice D) plays a crucial role in supporting fertility by promoting overall health and reducing stress, contrary to the statement that exercise has no role in fertility. Choice A is incorrect as successful conception is not guaranteed within one cycle with lifestyle modifications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, causing tubal factor infertility. Step 1: Identify common causes of tubal factor infertility. Step 2: Understand that PID is a major risk factor for tubal damage. Step 3: Recognize the importance of medical history in identifying underlying conditions. Other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to tubal factor infertility. Endometriosis (A) can affect fertility but is not the leading cause of tubal factor infertility. Ectopic pregnancy (C) and Asherman's syndrome (D) can impact fertility differently but are not the primary cause of tubal factor infertility.