ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the proper sequence of adrenal cortex zones, from the outside in?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenal cortex zones, outside in, are zona glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids, e.g., aldosterone), zona fasciculata (glucocorticoids, e.g., cortisol), and zona reticularis (androgens). 'Faticularis' is a typo fasciculata is correct, but only one option fits anatomy. Reversed or jumbled orders (reticularis outer, fasciculata outer) defy histology. Glomerulosa-fasciculata-reticularis sequence reflects functional layering, distinguishing it, key to adrenal hormone production.
Question 2 of 5
A client in the endocrine clinic has a low T-lymphocyte count. The nurse is aware that which of the following endocrine glands plays a role in the development of T-lymphocytes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thymus, an endocrine gland, secretes thymosin to mature T-lymphocytes, critical for immunity, peaking in youth and shrinking with age. Thyroid regulates metabolism via thyroxine, not immunity. Pituitary controls other glands (e.g., via ACTH), not T-cell development. Pancreas manages glucose (insulin/glucagon), not lymphocytes. Thymus' role in T-cell maturation distinguishes it, essential for adaptive immunity, unlike metabolic or regulatory glands.
Question 3 of 5
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary releases two hormones antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin produced by hypothalamic neurons and transported via axons. It doesn't synthesize hormones itself, unlike the anterior pituitary (e.g., six hormones). 'Zero' ignores storage/release, and 'six' overestimates. This dual role distinguishes posterior pituitary function, key to water balance and reproduction, contrasting with anterior synthesis.
Question 4 of 5
What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) for fight-or-flight responses, derived from neural crest cells. Neuroglial cells support neurons, follicle cells are thyroid-specific, and oxyphil cells are in parathyroids. Chromaffin cells' neuroendocrine role distinguishes them, key to rapid stress responses, contrasting with supportive or other glandular cells.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements about insulin is true?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose by binding receptors, triggering GLUT4 transporters to move to cell membranes, enhancing uptake. It doesn't transport glucose, breaks glycogen (glucagon does), or act renally (reabsorption is passive). Facilitating transporter movement distinguishes insulin's mechanism, key to glucose regulation, contrasting with glycogenolysis or renal roles.