What is the probable cause recognized by the nurse when a 5-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with acute glomerulonephritis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis typically develops 1 to 3 weeks after a streptococcal infection, such as a sore throat, which triggers an allergic-type response that affects the glomeruli's function. This immune response leads to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, resulting in acute glomerulonephritis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, choosing the least damaging urinary diversion procedure for an adolescent is crucial to their physical and psychosocial well-being. In this scenario, option B) Ileal conduit is the correct choice. An ileal conduit involves creating a stoma using a small piece of the ileum, which diverts urine to an external pouch. This procedure is less damaging to body image because it allows for a more discreet and manageable way to collect urine. Adolescents can conceal the pouch under clothing, leading to less self-consciousness about their condition and better body image preservation compared to other options. Option A) Urostomy involves diverting urine through a stoma in the abdominal wall, which can be more visible and potentially impact body image negatively. Option C) Nephrostomy involves a tube directly from the kidney to the outside, which can also be cosmetically challenging and impact self-esteem. Option D) Suprapubic placement involves a catheter inserted above the pubic bone, which may still be visible and not as discreet as an ileal conduit. Educationally, understanding the psychosocial implications of different urinary diversion procedures in pediatric patients is essential for nurses caring for adolescents undergoing such surgeries. By choosing the least damaging option like an ileal conduit, nurses can support adolescents in maintaining a positive body image and overall well-being during a challenging time in their lives.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a pediatric client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and decreased level of consciousness (LOC), passive range-of-motion exercises to promote hip flexion should be questioned as they can potentially increase intracranial pressure. This action may not be safe for the client's condition. The other options are appropriate interventions for managing a pediatric client with increased ICP and decreased LOC.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis when caring for a pediatric client with bacterial meningitis is 'Impaired Gas Exchange.' This diagnosis takes precedence due to the potential for respiratory complications associated with the condition. Bacterial meningitis can lead to increased intracranial pressure, compromising the child's ability to ventilate adequately. Therefore, monitoring and addressing any signs of respiratory distress are crucial in the care of these patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The vital signs of bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations indicate increased intracranial pressure. Bradycardia (heart rate of 48), hypertension (blood pressure of 148/74 mmHg), and irregular respirations are typical signs of increased intracranial pressure in a pediatric client with a traumatic brain injury and loss of consciousness.