What is the priority nursing action for a child who is post-operative following a tonsillectomy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a pediatric patient post-tonsillectomy, the priority nursing action is to monitor for signs of bleeding, making option C the correct answer. Tonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure in children and carries a risk of post-operative bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. Monitoring for bleeding is crucial in the immediate post-operative period to ensure early detection and intervention if necessary. Providing pain management (option A) is important for the child's comfort but is not the top priority when assessing a post-tonsillectomy patient. Encouraging fluid intake (option B) and educating the child about proper oral hygiene (option D) are essential aspects of post-operative care but take a back seat to monitoring for bleeding in this scenario. Educationally, understanding the priority nursing actions post-tonsillectomy in pediatric patients is vital for nurses caring for these children. Emphasizing the significance of vigilant monitoring for complications like bleeding can help prevent adverse outcomes and ensure the best possible recovery for the child. This rationale highlights the critical thinking and clinical judgment required in pediatric nursing care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the tetralogy of Fallot, the four structural heart anomalies are: 1) Hypertrophied right ventricle: This is not part of the tetralogy of Fallot. It is a result of increased workload on the right ventricle due to the other defects present. 2) Patent ductus arteriosus: This is a separate congenital heart defect involving the persistence of a fetal blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery, not a component of tetralogy of Fallot. 3) Ventral septal defect: While a ventricular septal defect is one of the components of tetralogy of Fallot, a ventral septal defect is not specific to this condition. 4) Narrowing of pulmonary artery: This is correct as one of the four defects in tetralogy of Fallot. It leads to reduced blood flow to the lungs, causing cyanosis. Educational context: Understanding the specific structural anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing these anomalies helps in providing appropriate care, monitoring for complications, and educating patients and families about the condition. It also highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in managing congenital heart defects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the pharmacological treatment options is crucial. In this question, the correct answer is C) Trimetazidine, as it is the only drug among the options that has no mortality benefit in cardiovascular disorders. Trimetazidine is primarily used to improve angina symptoms by optimizing myocardial metabolism but does not show any significant impact on reducing mortality. Nitrates (option A), beta-blockers (option B), and RAAS blockers (option D) are all known to have mortality benefits in various cardiovascular conditions. Nitrates help dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing cardiac workload. Beta-blockers are essential in managing conditions like heart failure and hypertension, reducing mortality by their effects on the heart rate and contractility. RAAS blockers play a crucial role in conditions like heart failure and hypertension by modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, thereby improving outcomes and reducing mortality. Understanding the mortality benefits of different drug classes in pediatric cardiovascular disorders is vital for nurses caring for these patients. It enables them to make informed decisions in drug therapy selection, monitor for outcomes, and educate patients and families on the rationale behind the prescribed medications. This knowledge ultimately contributes to providing comprehensive and effective care to pediatric patients with cardiovascular disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular disorders, understanding the genetic mutations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer is A) Arg 403 Gln. This mutation involves a substitution of amino acids in the gene encoding for beta-myosin heavy chain. This specific mutation is commonly found in cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and is associated with a more malignant course of the disease. Option B) Gln 403 Arg is incorrect because the order of the amino acids is reversed, leading to a different mutation with potentially different implications for disease progression. Option C) Arg 304 Gln and Option D) Gln 304 Arg are also incorrect as they refer to different amino acid positions which are not typically associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Educationally, understanding the specific genetic mutations involved in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy not only aids in accurate diagnosis but also in tailoring treatment plans and prognostic evaluations for pediatric patients. By knowing the significance of the Arg 403 Gln mutation, nurses and healthcare providers can offer more targeted and personalized care to children with this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Membranous glomerulonephritis is typically associated with immune complex deposition, making option A the correct answer. This condition involves the formation of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane, leading to inflammation and damage to the kidneys. This immune complex deposition is a hallmark feature of membranous glomerulonephritis. Option B is incorrect because membranous glomerulonephritis presents with nephrotic syndrome rather than nephritic syndrome. Patients with this condition often exhibit symptoms such as edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia, which are characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. Option C is incorrect because membranous glomerulonephritis is associated with non-selective proteinuria, meaning that large proteins like albumin leak into the urine. Highly selective proteinuria is more commonly seen in other types of kidney diseases. Option D is incorrect because in membranous glomerulonephritis, deposits of IgG and complement are found on the glomerular membrane, not just IgG alone. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of different types of glomerulonephritis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with renal disorders. Recognizing the distinguishing features of membranous glomerulonephritis can help nurses provide appropriate care, monitor for complications, and educate patients and families about the condition.