What is the primary role of Pacinian corpuscles in the dermis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pacinian corpuscles, deep in the dermis, detect pressure and vibration, responding to mechanical stimuli with their lamellated structure, aiding in sensing heavy touch. Light touch and texture are Meissner's role, temperature changes are thermoreceptors', and sweat production is glandular. Their deep placement and vibration sensitivity distinguish them, making this their primary role.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Induration refers to the hardening of tissue due to an increase in fibrous elements, often seen in conditions like cellulitis (likely meant by 'cellulites' in the question, a common typo), where inflammation causes tissue to become firm and thickened. Necrosis is the death of tissue, not hardening, and presents as black or discolored areas. Eschar is a specific type of necrotic tissue forming a thick, leathery layer, but it's not about increasing fibrous elements broadly. Maceration is the softening of tissue due to moisture, the opposite of hardening. Induration fits the description of fibrous hardening in inflammatory conditions like cellulitis, making it the correct term.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The stratum corneum is the outermost epidermal layer, and directly beneath it lies the stratum granulosum, where cells transition to form the keratinized surface. The stratum spinosum is deeper, below the granulosum, providing strength. The stratum basale is the deepest layer, far below the corneum. Since the question asks what is immediately beneath the stratum corneum, the stratum granulosum fits as the next layer in the epidermal structure, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The integumentary system is a complex structure that serves as the body's outer covering, including skin, hair, nails, and glands. While 'iatcgument-gland' appears to be a typo and does not make sense in this context, 'integument-tissue' refers to the skin as a type of tissue, which is accurate but incomplete. The term 'integument-organ' is the most appropriate because the integumentary system is classified as an organ system in anatomy, encompassing multiple tissues (epithelial, connective, etc.) working together. 'All the above' would only be correct if all pairs were valid, but the first option is not, likely due to a transcription error. The focus on the integument as an organ aligns with its role in protection, temperature regulation, and sensory reception, making it more than just a tissue or a gland-related structure. Thus, the precise pairing is one that recognizes its status as an organ, reflecting its integrated functions and anatomical significance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The dermis, a thick layer beneath the epidermis, is a complex structure with multiple components and functions. It is highly vascular, with blood vessels supplying nutrients and aiding in thermoregulation. It contains reticular and elastic fibers for strength and flexibility, as well as smooth muscle (e.g., arrector pili muscles) and numerous nerve endings for sensation. However, it does not give rise to sebaceous and sweat glands. These glands originate from the epidermis during embryonic development, invaginating downward into the dermis as they mature. Sebaceous glands secrete oil, and sweat glands produce sweat, both budding from epidermal tissue, not dermal. This embryological distinction is critical: while the dermis hosts these glands and supports them with blood and nerve supply, their cellular origin is epidermal. The statement is false because it misattributes the developmental source of these glands, contradicting histological and developmental biology principles.