What is the primary role of a nurse in a patient-centered medical home (PCMH)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary role of a nurse in a PCMH is to coordinate patient care. This involves ensuring all aspects of a patient's care are well-managed, communicating with various healthcare providers, and advocating for the patient's needs. This role aligns with the core principles of a PCMH, which emphasize comprehensive, coordinated, and patient-centered care. Administering treatments (B) is typically the role of physicians or other healthcare providers. Providing health education (C) is important but not the primary role of a nurse in a PCMH. Conducting research (D) is not a direct responsibility of nurses in a clinical setting like a PCMH.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it presents a situation where a nurse must navigate conflicting values, such as respecting patient autonomy while upholding professional ethical standards. By complying with the patient's request, the nurse may compromise ethical principles. A: Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives is a moral dilemma, not necessarily an ethical dilemma. B: Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior is an ethical obligation, not a dilemma. C: Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information is an ethical consideration, but it does not inherently present a dilemma as it can be managed through established guidelines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of a root cause analysis (RCA) in healthcare is to prevent future errors by identifying underlying causes. This is because RCA focuses on understanding the fundamental reasons behind incidents to implement effective preventive measures. By identifying root causes, healthcare providers can implement strategies to mitigate risks and enhance patient safety. The other choices are incorrect because RCA is not about assigning blame (A), improving patient satisfaction (C), or analyzing financial impact (D), but rather about understanding and addressing the core issues to prevent recurrence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a nurse working for two competing healthcare organizations creates a conflict of interest as they may prioritize one organization over the other. This could compromise patient care and violate ethical standards. A: Accepting gifts from a patient may be inappropriate but does not necessarily create a conflict of interest. C: Disclosing patient information without consent is a breach of confidentiality but not specifically a conflict of interest. D: Delegating tasks improperly is a violation of professional standards but does not directly relate to a conflict of interest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Screening for hypertension. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent further progression. Screening for hypertension helps identify individuals at risk and enables timely intervention to prevent complications. Administering flu vaccinations (A) is an example of primary prevention. Performing a mastectomy (C) is a treatment method for existing breast cancer, falling under tertiary prevention. Providing rehabilitation after surgery (D) focuses on restoring function post-treatment, also part of tertiary prevention.