What is the primary reason for administering Rh immunoglobulin to an Rh-negative mother after delivery?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal newborn care, administering Rh immunoglobulin to an Rh-negative mother after delivery is crucial to prevent maternal sensitization in future pregnancies. This is the primary reason for its administration. Rh immunoglobulin works by targeting and neutralizing any Rh-positive fetal blood cells that may have entered the maternal circulation during childbirth, thus preventing the mother's immune system from producing antibodies against Rh-positive blood cells. Option A is correct because sensitization occurs when an Rh-negative mother is exposed to Rh-positive fetal blood cells, leading to the production of antibodies that can harm future Rh-positive pregnancies. By administering Rh immunoglobulin, these antibodies are prevented from forming, safeguarding the health of future pregnancies. Options B, C, and D are incorrect in this context. Treating postpartum hemorrhage, reducing infection risk, and boosting the maternal immune response are important aspects of postpartum care but do not directly relate to the primary purpose of administering Rh immunoglobulin in Rh-negative mothers. Understanding the rationale behind the use of Rh immunoglobulin is essential for healthcare providers working in maternal newborn care to ensure the well-being of both the mother and future pregnancies. This knowledge underscores the importance of accurate assessment and appropriate interventions in preventing complications related to Rh incompatibility.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a newborn with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, the correct action for the nurse is to suction the airway immediately after birth (Option A). Meconium aspiration syndrome can occur if the meconium is aspirated into the lungs, leading to respiratory distress. By suctioning the airway promptly, the nurse can prevent potential complications and ensure proper oxygenation for the newborn. Monitoring for signs of aspiration (Option B) is important, but immediate intervention through suctioning takes precedence to prevent aspiration from occurring in the first place. Encouraging immediate skin-to-skin contact (Option C) is beneficial for bonding and thermoregulation but is not the priority in this situation. Administering antibiotics (Option D) is not indicated as a routine intervention for a newborn with meconium-stained amniotic fluid unless there are signs of infection. From an educational perspective, understanding the pathophysiology of meconium aspiration syndrome and the importance of prompt airway management can help nurses provide safe and effective care to newborns in this critical situation. This knowledge ensures that nursing interventions are prioritized based on the immediate needs of the newborn to promote positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Women who have had diabetes prior to pregnancy are more likely to develop GDM due to pre-existing insulin resistance. This increased risk is why healthcare providers closely monitor pregnant women with a history of type 2 diabetes. It is important for these women to manage their blood sugar levels carefully during pregnancy to reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: CPD (cephalopelvic disproportion) occurs when the baby's head or body is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis. In cases where CPD is diagnosed and labor has stalled despite adequate efforts (such as pushing for 2 hours with no progress), the safest and most appropriate method to deliver the baby is through a cesarean section (C/S). This surgical procedure allows for a safe delivery when vaginal delivery is not possible due to CPD, ensuring the well-being of both the baby and the mother. Induced labor, vaginal birth with vacuum, or inserting a foley catheter to empty the bladder would not be effective or safe in cases of CPD where the baby cannot pass through the birth canal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Based on the information provided, the patient is experiencing regular contractions 2 minutes apart lasting 60 seconds, and she had a bloody show earlier in the morning. These signs in a multiparous patient with 6 hours of labor indicate she is most likely in the transition phase of labor. The transition phase is characterized by intense contractions that are closer together, typically 2-3 minutes apart, and lasting longer, usually around 60-90 seconds. This stage signifies the progression towards the final stages of labor, leading up to the pushing stage and delivery. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Transition phase.