What is the primary public health goal of the 1970 Clean Air Act?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To regulate air pollution from industrial sources. The primary goal of the 1970 Clean Air Act was to control and reduce air pollution, particularly from industrial sources, to protect public health and the environment. This goal was achieved through setting emissions standards, promoting pollution control technologies, and implementing regulations to improve air quality. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the specific focus of the Clean Air Act on regulating air pollution from industrial sources.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reducing environmental pollution to protect public health. This is because the environmental health movement focused on addressing the harmful effects of pollution on human health. By reducing pollution, the movement aimed to prevent diseases and promote overall well-being. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Increasing vaccinations to prevent diseases - While vaccinations are important for disease prevention, this was not the primary focus of the environmental health movement. C: Improving access to mental health care - Mental health care is a separate issue from environmental health and was not the main emphasis of the movement. D: Promoting smoking cessation programs - Smoking cessation programs address a specific health issue related to tobacco use, but it was not the main focus of the environmental health movement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The cholera outbreak in London. This event led to significant advancements in sanitary reform in Europe as it highlighted the importance of clean water and sanitation. The outbreak spurred the implementation of public health measures, such as improving water quality and sewage systems, which became the foundation for modern public health practices. The other choices are incorrect because: A) The discovery of penicillin occurred in the 20th century and revolutionized medicine but did not directly impact sanitary reform; C) The development of the first vaccine for polio, while important for vaccination efforts, did not have as direct an impact on sanitary reform as the cholera outbreak; D) The establishment of the CDC in the 20th century in the United States did not have a direct impact on sanitary reform in Europe during the 19th century.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The Spanish Flu. The global spread of the Spanish Flu in the early 20th century, specifically in 1918, led to international collaboration in public health efforts due to its devastating impact and high mortality rate. Governments and health organizations worldwide worked together to combat the disease and implement preventive measures. The Spanish Flu pandemic highlighted the importance of global cooperation in addressing public health crises. Summary of other choices: A: Polio - While polio has been a significant public health concern, it did not lead to the same level of international collaboration as the Spanish Flu. B: HIV/AIDS - HIV/AIDS emerged later in the 20th century and, although it sparked global efforts, it was not the disease that prompted the level of international collaboration seen with the Spanish Flu. D: Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis is a persistent global health issue, but it did not have the same widespread impact in the early 20th century as the Spanish Flu.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The World Health Organization (WHO). Founded in 1948, WHO's primary goal is to address health disparities globally and promote international health cooperation. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for coordinating international health efforts. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a U.S.-based agency focused on disease prevention and control within the country. C: The United Nations Health Program is not a specific organization and does not exist. D: The American Medical Association is a professional organization representing physicians in the United States, not a global health organization.